The summary of researches on ADS in China

The conceptual study on the accelerator driven system (ADS) that lasted for about five years ended in 1999 in China. As one project of the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) in the energy domain, which is sponsored by the China Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), a five-year-program of fundamental research of ADS physics and related technology was launched in 2000 and passed national review at the end of 2005. The China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), the Institute of Heavy Ion Physics in Peking University (PKU-IHIP) and other institutions jointly carried out the research. The research activities were focused on HPPA physics and technology, reactor physics of external source driven sub-critical assembly, nuclear data base and material study. For HPPA, a high current injector consisting of an ECR ion source, LEBT and an RFQ accelerating structure of 3.5 MeV was built. In reactor physics study, a series of neutron multiplication experimental study has been carried out and still being done. The VENUS facility has been constructed as the basic experimental platform for neutronics study in ADS blanket. It’s a zero power sub-critical neutron multiplying assembly driven by external neutron produced by a pulsed neutron generator. The theoretical, experimental and simulation study on nuclear data, material properties and nuclear fuel circulation related to ADS is carrying on to provide the database for ADS system analysis. The main results on ADS related researches will be reported.     

The transformation of aluminium species in the processes of coagulation, sedimentation and filtration.

The aluminium toxicity is closely related to aluminium species. In this work aluminium was fractionated into seven forms: Al(T), Al(Sus), Al(C + S), Al(S), Al(C), Al(O) and Al(I). Four Al-based coagulants and simulated raw water were used in the laboratory to investigate the aluminium transformation in coagulation, sedimentation and filtration processes. It is the use of Al-based coagulants that contributes more to the increase of the residual aluminium for the low-turbidity raw water, while the Al-based coagulants, especially the polymeric aluminium coagulants, work to remove the aluminium from the high-turbidity raw water. In the case of traditional coagulants, the increase of the turbidity or the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in the raw water results in a high concentration of Al(C + S). The removal rate of aluminium species in the filtration process is not only related to its size: RAl(Sus) > RAl(C+S), RAl(C) > RAl(S), but also to the physicochemical properties of aluminium species and filter. For the kaolin-polyaluminium chloride system, a lower removal rate of aluminium species results is due to the complexation of humic acid and aluminium species.     

V beta specificity of superantigen TSST-1 plus CD28 costimulation without APCs

Little has so far been known about the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the activation of T cells by superantigens. Recently several studies showed that superantigens could directly activate purified T cells in the presence of CD28 costimulation. Here we investigate V beta expression of T cells activated by the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), plus CD28 costimulation, in the absence of APCs. The aim of this study was to ask if TSST-1 activated purified T cells in the presence of CD28 costimulation with the same specificity as in the presence of APCs. We provide evidence that the specificity of TSST-1 to human V beta, in the presence of CD28 costimulation, is identical to that in the presence of APCs, with V beta 2 being significantly expanded. The results indicate that the main role of APCs in the superantigen-mediated T cell activation may be to provide T cells with CD28 costimulation.     

Study on phase behavior–impact strength relationship of unsaturated polyester/polyurethane hybrid polymer network

The phase behavior of a hybrid polymer network (HPN) composed of poly[(propylene glycol maleate)-co-(propylene glycol phthalate)] crosslinked with styrene and polyester–urethane crosslinked with methylene-bis-ortho-chloroaniline was examined. The correlation between phase separation and impact strength of the HPNs is discussed. The composition of HPNs has an effect on their properties.     

坐标测量机激光非接触式测头的研制

本文介绍适用子精密大型测试仪器──坐标测量机的激光非接触式测头的研制。该测头采用ＰＳＤ作为敏感元件并采用单片机技术完成对测量数据的处理。     

复合材料四结点四边形多层退化壳单元

本文提出了一个复合材料四结点四边形多层退化壳单元。单元从修正的Hu-Washizu变分原理导出,独立假设位移场、每层内部应变场和应力场。文中给出了几个复合材料板和壳静力线性问题实例。计算结果表明本文的单元是准确和有效的。     

Effect of verification bias on positive and negative predictive values

The pairing of sensitivity and specificity expresses the efficacy of a test, and positive and negative predictive values measure the accuracy of a diagnostic test when applied to a particular patient. To calculate these measures, one has to know the true disease status of each patient. In practice, however, some patients may not be selected for verification of disease status. It has been shown that the estimated sensitivity and specificity may be biased if one includes in the study sample only the patients with verified disease statuses. This paper concerns the properties of the estimators of positive and negative predictive values using only patients with verified disease statuses. First, I show that these estimators are unbiased and provide consistent estimators for the variances of these estimators under the assumption that the probability of selecting a patient for a disease verification procedure does not depend directly on the true disease status of the patient. Then, I use the ML method to study the sensitivity of the naive estimators to the departure from the conditional independence assumption.     

适用于复杂环境下的实时目标跟踪技术

针对复杂环境下目标跟踪过程中目标存在旋转、视角、尺度等变化以及噪声干扰的问题,提出了一种基于尺度不变特征与快速模板匹配相结合的目标跟踪技术;该技术通过分别提取预先存储模板和实时采集图像的尺度不变特征,建立初始模板;采用菱形搜索策略对模板的低分辨率子图和待跟踪图像的低分辨率子图进行快速互相关检测,根据检测结果在该帧高分辨率图像中建立紧凑ROI,在此区域内进行模板匹配,对目标进行精确定位;在目标跟踪的过程中采用自适应模板更新策略,以保证在目标发生变化时跟踪的稳定性;实验结果表明,该技术在稳定性、准确性和实时性等方面均优于传统方法。