A novel method to prepare poly(vinyl alcohol) water-soluble fiber with narrowly dissolving temperature range

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is an important water-soluble polymer. In this study, a novel method has been developed for preparing water-soluble PVA fiber with narrowly dissolving temperature range via wet spinning of partly acetalized PVA. The structures and properties of the fiber were characterized by IR, ¹H-NMR, DSC, WAXD, tensile strength tester, etc. IR and NMR spectra showed that acetal groups were successfully generated on the lateral chains of PVA with the catalysis of acid. As a small quantity of CH₂O was added, the introduction of the acetal group could reduce both the hydrophilicity of amorphous region and the crystallinity of PVA water-soluble fiber, and hence narrowed the dissolving temperature range of fiber. However, the dissolving temperature range was broadened with a further increase of CH₂O amount, because of the large decrease of crystallinity and crystallite perfection. When the CH₂O added amount reached up to 20%, the acetalized PVA was completely insoluble, so that the spinning process could not be carried out. The breaking strengths of most acetalized fibers were beyond 4 cN/dtex, which satisfied the ordinary use of industrial and domestic field. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Accommodation of China’s Industrial Heritage in Urban Conservation Practices (Ⅱ)

In recent years, the conservation of industrial heritage in China has gained increasing attention within the broader context of urban conservation practices. For both policy-makers and scholars, accommodating this industrial heritage will emerge as a pertinent issue for consideration as a growing number of industrial architectural legacies dating from the Republican and Maoist eras come under (re)development pressures. This paper thus traces the development of industrial heritage conservation practices in China and discusses several dilemmas intrinsic to this type of conservation, including issues of authenticity, representativeness, and distinction. Based on comparative case studies from China and other international precedents, this paper also seeks to illustrate the different approaches that could be pursued while still attaining a balance between competing interests and claims.     

丰满水电站重建工程三期独立运行计算机监控系统设计方案

正1概述丰满水电站始建于1937年的伪满时期,1943年第一台机组发电,1953年大坝建成,1959年一期机组(552.5 MW)全部投产,并在20世纪90年代陆续扩建了二期、三期厂房。丰满水电站总装机容量为1 002.5 MW,丰满水电站在东北电力系统中担负着发电、调峰、调频、事故备用等任务,是东北电力系统中的主力调峰电源和事故备用电源。由于工程建设于特殊性的历史时期,大坝设计与施工存在严     

Adsorption Behavior of Halogenated Anesthetic and Water Vapor on Cr‐Based MOF (MIL‐101) Adsorbent. Part I. Equilibrium and Breakthrough Characterizations

A synthesized chromium‐based metal organic framework (Cr‐MOF) was used for the adsorption of halogenated anesthetics, i.e., sevoflurane (SF). Adsorption isotherm and breakthrough experiments involving SF (reference sorbate) and water vapor were measured at 298 K and atmospheric pressure on both Cr‐MOF and a commercially used reference adsorbent. The Cr‐MOF MIL‐101 showed a significantly higher SF adsorption capacity and much higher selectivity relative to water vapor compared to the reference adsorbent. Binary‐mixture breakthrough tests demonstrated a “roll‐up effect” for SF on the reference adsorbent while no such effect was observed on MIL‐101.     

湖北利川福宝山盆地三叠统含盐层系中盐溶角砾岩的特征及其成因意义

福宝山盆地位于川东-鄂西地区,是中国东部重要的含盐层系盆地,共包含4个含盐层系,分别为嘉陵江组二段、四段、五段和巴东组一段。由于受到地表水的溶蚀和淋滤,岩溶塌陷普遍发育,构成呈层分布的盐溶角砾岩带。该区盐溶角砾岩可分为3种类型,碳酸盐质盐溶角砾岩、泥质盐溶角砾岩和杂砾盐溶角砾岩。盐溶角砾岩的成因指示了其成盐环境,为寻找地下盐类矿床指明方向。     

中国美容医疗设备及其技术进展

近些年随着人们生活水平的提高,中国人在美容方面的需求不断加大,使得医学美容行业的发展极具活力,与之相应的美容医疗设备及技术的未来市场容量将非常可观。     

Betacyanins in dragon fruit peels: the kinetic models of their degradation under different treatment conditions

In this study, after purification, the content of betacyanins in dragon fruit peels was 9.22 mg g⁻¹ dry sample. The stability of betacyanins under the effect of different concentration of metal cation (K⁺, Na⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Mg²⁺, Al³⁺) solutions and sugars (glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose and lactose) solutions was observed. The results showed that 10% lactose and 0.08 mol L⁻¹ potassium chloride solution increased the stability of betacyanins and could be used as stabiliser agents. The degradation reaction under different temperatures (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 °C), pH (2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0) and light conditions (light and dark) of mixed solution (betacyanins and stabiliser), including aqueous pigments solution (APS), lactose pigments solution (LPS) and potassium chloride pigments solution (PCPS), accorded with the first-order reaction kinetics. The t_1/2 values (the hours needed for 50.0% degradation of betacyanins) of LPS even up to 330.0 h at 20 °C and dark condition.     

Split of heat transfer regions and flow characteristics of perforated blockages with inclined holes for trailing edge cooling

Perforated blockages with inclined impingement holes are one of the cooling methods that can be used in the trailing edge of gas turbine. This method has a high heat transfer enhancement as well as high frictional resistance. Numerical investigation has been conducted to make a deep insight into the flow fields and pressure distribution of this cooling structure. Split of high heat transfer region has been detected in the impingement region, which may enlarge the thermal stress of metal bulk. The pressure gradient and counter rotating vortex is found to be the mainspring of this phenomenon. Large total pressure dissipation is founded within the impingement chambers.     

Effect of droplet characteristics on heat transfer of mist/air cooling in a pin-finned channel

Effects of droplet characteristics of mist/air cooling on heat transfer for three pin-fin structures are investigated. The round-tip pin-fin structure is newly proposed with partial detachment from one endwall with a round-shaped tip structure. A flat-tip pin-fin with partial detachment and a traditional pin-fin with full attachment serve as references. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the shear-stress-transport turbulence model are applied. Influences of initial mist temperature, initial mist diameter and initial mist velocity are analyzed in the Reynolds number range 15,000 to 50,000. The round-tip pin-finned channel has highest heat transfer coefficient and lowest pressure loss among the structures. Heat transfer enhancement increases first gradually and then decreases sharply with increasing initial mist diameter but an optimal diameter exists for the highest Nusselt numbers. Nusselt number decreases monotonically with increasing initial mist temperature. Droplet movement and heat transfer are nearly independent of initial mist velocity.