Transneuronal retrograde viral labeling in the brain stem and hypothalamus is more intense from the left than from the right adrenal gland

Previous studies using the viral transneuronal tracing technique demonstrated central autonomic circuits involved in the innervation of the adrenal gland. Since increasing number of data indicate laterality in the neuroendocrine system, we aimed to investigate whether the supraspinal innervation of the adrenal gland exhibits asymmetry or not. The central circuitry involved in the innervation of the left and the right adrenal gland was studied in individual rats by dual transneuronal tracing using isogenic recombinant strains (Ba-DupGreen and Ba-Duplac expressing lacZ) of Bartha strain of pseudorabies virus. Viral infection of brain nuclei (dorsal vagal nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, caudal raphe nuclei, A5 cell group, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus) from the left adrenal was more severe than that from the right organ. Dual-infected neurons were present both in the brain stem and in the hypothalamus. The results indicate a predominance in the supraspinal innervation of the left adrenal gland, and that each adrenal gland is innervated both by side-specific neurons and by neurons that project to both organs.     

New field and engine test data to demonstrate the wear protection benefits of a unique boundary chemistry (UBC)

The wear protection performance of unique boundary chemistry (UBC), both while in the engine and after removal, was tested with reference to commercial API SG, API SH/ILSAC GF-1, and API SJ/ILSAC GF-2 quality oils in two 80,450 km field tests, in modified and standard sequence tests, and in radiotracer engine studies. The radiotracer tests of UBC added to an API SJ/ILSAC GF-2 quality oil replicated previously published results of wear reductions achieved in a comparison of an API SH/ILSAC GF-1 oil with and without UBC. In extended Sequence IIIE runs, two engines, each lubricated with the same API SH/ILSAC GF-1 oil, were unable to complete the tests as a result of excessive oil consumption due to hot stuck rings. In contrast, two Sequence IIIE engines lubricated with the same API SH/ILSAC GF-1 oil treated with UBC completed the extended test without incident, even though the UBC-treated API SH/ILSAC GF-1 oil replaced the API SH/ILSAC GF-1 oil for the first oil drain interval only. A fully formulated SAE 5W–30 oil, which contained a full complement of UBC (20%), met all the requirements of API SH/ILSAC GF-1 quality and gave very low average and maximum cam and cam plus lifter wear on standard ASTM Sequence VE and IIIE tests. The same API SH/ILSAC GF-1 oil without UBC gave somewhat higher wear on both tests, but both oils met API SH/ILSAC GF-1 requirements. Wear metals analysis of a field test of 36 taxicabs, which compared an API SJ/ILSAC GF-2 quality oil to the same oil treated with UBC for the first drain interval, and also to a UBC-treated oil at every oil change, showed a reduction in the rate of used oil Fe accumulation for both methods of UBC treatment. This test also revealed a striking impact on Fe levels from Si found in used oil samples during an episode of Si contamination in local gasoline supplies. Finally, in a field test of 10 taxicabs, with parts measured before and after testing, wear reductions were observed in rings and bearings in UBC-treated cabs compared to those with API SG oil alone.     

A labeling system as stepping stone for incentives related to the profitability of sustainable housing

In 2004, the Dutch National Sustainable Building Center set up a research project to investigate the widespread belief that sustainable building is more expensive than standard building practice. The results disproved this assumption and demonstrated that sustainable building can be financially profitable. However, the research also showed that these positive financial aspects are hardly ever used to promote sustainable building. SenterNovem initiated a new research project in order to recommend practical solutions for the identified issues. Besides the sustainable and ‘regular’ building sectors, the new project included other sectors in an effort to develop new insights. Focused on housing, this second project revealed the inevitability of a labeling system that covers all activities (‘one language’). It recommends giving top priority to the introduction of a labeling system that translates sustainability in housing into a manageable and controllable system. The system should clearly identify the level of sustainability of a specific house. To gain acceptance among consumers, the system would have to tie in with consumer needs. The idea that many financial incentives can be linked to this labeling system was affirmed in a separate workshop. Just before the second research project was completed, the Dutch housing corporation Oost Flevoland Woondiensten (OFW) introduced a labeling system for their entire stock related to the topics of energy and health. Nine months after the launch, an assessment of this labeling system confirmed the results of the theoretical research and the workshop.     

深入了解QMatrix技术

在家电、消费电子和手机应用中,触感控制正在逐渐取代机电开关。触感技术的普及获得大力推动,因为设计人员认识到,触感控制可让他们实现时尚的多功能设计,从而实现产品的差异化,并为终端用户创造更高的价值。     

Critical Building Design Factors for Indoor Air Quality and Climate: Current Status and Predicted Trends

In recent yean, some building design professionals have become more aware of the indoor air quality concerns of owners and occupants and as a result, they have made some important changes to improve indoor air quality and climate. These changes include improvements in site planning and design; overall building design; ventilation and climate control systems; and materials selection and specifications. In addition, changes that limit the chemical contamination of building air during the construction process and during occupancy of buildings are also occurring; some of these changes are specified or controlled by design professionals. However, the majority of design professionals have little or no awareness of indoor air quality considerations. There is inadequate dissemination of building science research results to design professionals. There is a need for a useful general body of knowledge, theory, and practice regarding building-environment-occupant interactions. The lack of such knowledge, theory, and practice is an impediment to developing the necessary professional design tools and practices to address effectively indoor environmental quality and energy conservation issues.     

模糊数学评价法在青龙河水质现状评价中的应用

在环境调查和监测的基础上综合评价了青龙河支流和部分青龙河段的水质现状,为青龙河的污染治理及规划提供了科学依据.在评价过程中,叙述了评价因子的选取、权重值的运算,并对其评价的结果与水环境调查的实际状况进行了对比分析.评价结论表明：模糊数学评价的结果与河流水现状相符;金矿排水对地面水有了不良影响,青龙河的水质已经有了变化,水质级别降低;评价方法有实用价值.     

Hope and academic success in college.

A cognitive, motivational theory is introduced to the educational research community. Hope theory integrates the conceptualization of goals, along with the strategies to achieve those goals (pathways), and the motivation to pursue those goals (agency). In a 6-year longitudinal study, individual differences in hope, as measured by the Hope Scale (C. R. Snyder et al., 1991) scores of entering college freshmen, predicted better overall grade point averages even after controlling for variance related to entrance examination scores. High- relative to the low-hope students also were more likely to have graduated and not to have been dismissed over this 6-year period. Hopeful thinking in college academics is discussed, along with the contributions of hope theory for educational research and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Influence of external and covert food stimuli on insulin secretion in obese and normal persons.

Exposure to food produces an increase in insulin secretion that is more pronounced in obese than in normal persons. The present study tried to replicate this finding as well as to determine whether insulin secretion could be influenced by thoughts about food and eating. Six normal-weight and 4 obese (120–250% of ideal weight) Ss (mean ages 31 and 30.8 yrs, respectively) were presented in counterbalanced order with an external food stimulus or instructions to think about food and eating. Levels of insulin, salivary output, and hunger ratings were obtained before and after stimulus presentation. All Ss displayed higher insulin levels following stimulus presentation, with the values for the obese higher than for normals. Although the insulin secretion of the obese was greater in response to the covert as opposed to the external stimulus, the difference was not significant. Salivary output following stimulus presentation was higher for the obese than normals, with hunger ratings increasing in both groups. Data support an expanded role of insulin as an appetite-inducing mechanism. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)