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91.
Daniel Scherzer Chuong H. Nguyen Tobias Ritschel Hans‐Peter Seidel 《Computer Graphics Forum》2012,31(4):1391-1397
The incident indirect light over a range of image pixels is often coherent. Two common approaches to exploit this inter‐pixel coherence to improve rendering performance are Irradiance Caching and Radiance Caching. Both compute incident indirect light only for a small subset of pixels (the cache), and later interpolate between pixels. Irradiance Caching uses scalar values that can be interpolated efficiently, but cannot account for shading variations caused by normal and reflectance variation between cache items. Radiance Caching maintains directional information, e.g., to allow highlights between cache items, but at the cost of storing and evaluating a Spherical Harmonics (SH) function per pixel. The arithmetic and bandwidth cost for this evaluation is linear in the number of coefficients and can be substantial. In this paper, we propose a method to replace it by an efficient per‐cache item pre‐filtering based on MIP maps — such as previously done for environment maps — leading to a single constant‐time lookup per pixel. Additionally, per‐cache item geometry statistics stored in distance‐MIP maps are used to improve the quality of each pixel's lookup. Our approximate interactive global illumination approach is an order of magnitude faster than Radiance Caching with Phong BRDFs and can be combined with Monte Carlo‐raytracing, Point‐based Global Illumination or Instant Radiosity. 相似文献
92.
Vincent Verhaert Hans Druyts Dorien Van Deun Vasileios Exadaktylos Johan Verbraecken Marie Vandekerckhove Bart Haex Jos Vander Sloten 《International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics》2012,42(5):489-498
This study aims at evaluating spinal alignment during sleep by combining personalized human models with mattress indentation measurements. A generic surface model has been developed that can be personalized based on anthropometric parameters derived from silhouette extraction. Shape assessment of the personalized surface models, performed by comparison with 3-D surface scans of the trunk, showed a mean unsigned distance of 9.77 mm between modeled and scanned surface meshes. The surface model is combined with an inner skeleton model, allowing the model to simulate distinct sleep postures. An automatic fitting algorithm sets the appropriate degrees of freedom to position the model on the measured indentation according to the adopted sleep posture. Validation on lateral sleep positions showed good intraclass correlations (0.73–0.88) between estimated and measured angular spinal deformations, indicating that silhouette-derived body shape models provide a valuable tool for the unobtrusive assessment of spinal alignment during sleep.Relevance to industry: A common drawback of the available techniques to assess spinal deformation on bedding systems is that they interfere with the actual sleep process. The current study presents a novel method based on silhouette-derived body shape models in order to estimate spine shape during sleep unobtrusively. 相似文献
93.
Lieferantenportfolio-Management für IT-Services unter Berücksichtigung von Diversifikationseffekten 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
By means of service-oriented architectures the IT support of processes can be designed as a portfolio of individual IT services provided by different suppliers. The processes are designed based on selection decisions between IT services that potentially have to be included. Many companies formulate a multitude of requirements for investments in IT services at ever shorter intervals. However, the scope of the desired investments usually exceeds the available budget. Thus, companies face the challenge of allocating the limited budget to investments in the most promising combination of IT services. This is hardly possible without methodical support. In addition, the allocation is often done intuitively and subject to the decision-makers?? affinity with IT. Therefore, this paper develops a quantitative, multi-period procedure model for the purpose of maximizing the enterprise value in accordance with value based management, which considers the dependencies of the periodical selection decisions. In the following, a decision logic for the heuristic solution to the selection problem is presented and its application is demonstrated by means of an illustrative case example. 相似文献
94.
Mohammad M. Hailat Ahsan Mian Zariff A. Chaudhury Golam Newaz Rahul Patwa Hans J. Herfurth 《Microsystem Technologies》2012,18(1):103-112
In this paper continuous laser welding of two dissimilar materials, aluminum and copper, was investigated. The aluminum and
the copper utilized were Al3003-H14 and Cu110-H00, respectively. Two different sets of samples were laser welded; one in which
a filler material, tin foil alloy (S-bond 220), was sandwiched between the aluminum and the copper and another set in which
the aluminum and copper were directly welded without any filler. The foil alloy was utilized to enhance the compatibility
of the two metals; aluminum and copper, reducing the brittleness of the intermetallic compound that may form and, subsequently,
enhance the mechanical properties. The welding was carried out using an IPG 500 SM fiber laser. The length of the laser joint
produced was 20 mm and the width was about 200 μm. The strength of the joint was evaluated by conducting the lap shear stress
test. Samples in which filler foil was used exhibited a better performance in the lap shear stress test (an average of 780 N)
than the samples without tin foil (an average of 650 N). The improvement in the lap shear test could be attributed to the
positive effects of the filler on enhancing the compatibility of the intermetallic compound formed via diffusion. The fracture
surface of both types of joints (with and without filler) was characterized using scanning electron microscope equipped with
energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX). To understand the failure initiation and propagation of the samples under tension, a finite
element (FE) model was developed for the samples created with no filler material. The failure mechanism predicted from the
FE model matches reasonably well with the experimental observations from EDAX analysis. 相似文献
95.
Ydalia Delgado Mercado Hans Gerd Evertz Christof Gattringer 《Computer Physics Communications》2012,183(9):1920-1927
We discuss worm algorithms for the 3-state Potts model with external field and chemical potential. The complex phase problem of this system can be overcome by using a flux representation where the new degrees of freedom are dimer and monomer variables. Working with this representation we discuss two different generalizations of the conventional Prokof’ev–Svistunov algorithm suitable for Monte Carlo simulations of the model at arbitrary chemical potential and evaluate their performance. 相似文献
96.
Maciej Dabrowski Thomas Acton Hans van der Heijden 《Expert systems with applications》2012,39(9):8279-8287
This paper proposes a novel method for preference relaxation in online product search, which enables consumers to make quality choices without suffering from the commonly experienced information overload. In online shopping scenarios that involve multi-attribute choice tasks, it can be difficult for consumers to process the vast amounts of information available and to make satisfactory buying decisions. In such situations consumers are likely to eliminate potentially good choices early on, using hard-constraint filtering tools. Our approach uses edge sets to identify the alternatives on the soft boundary and the principle of alternative domination to suppress the alternatives on this boundary that are irrelevant. We demonstrate how our approach outperforms existing methods for product search in a set of simulations using two sets of 2650 car advertisements and 1813 digital cameras gathered from a popular online store. 相似文献
97.
A simple electrical model of the nerve axon is presented. The only non-linear element in the model is the sodium conductance, which is assumed to vary in a step-like way. This allows the propagation velocity for action potentials to be expressed analytically. The aftereffects from an action potential are generally slow. By considering them quasi-stationary, the velocity of a subsequent action potential can be calculated and compared with that of the first one. Considering the effects of afterpotential and afterconductance, it is shown that the theory adequately describes the variations in propagation velocity in the squid giant axon for action potentials separated by 3 ms to 14 ms. 相似文献
98.
Within the scope of a parameter study the influence of the mixture composition of different self-compacting concretes on the
fresh concrete properties was investigated. For this purpose the standard test methods as well as the fresh concrete rheometer
“BTRHEOM” were used. The concrete was modelled as a two-phase system, consisting of the fluid phase paste and the solid phase
aggregates. The consistency control parameters paste volume, mortar volume and the coarse aggregate volume could be transferred
into the model parameter thickness of excess paste. By means of this model parameter the characteristic values of the standard
test methods like slump flow test and V-funnel test as well as the fundamental rheological parameters yield stress and the
plastic viscosity could be described. A comparative study showed that the yield stress and the plastic viscosity of self-compacting
concrete can be estimated based on the characteristic values of the slump flow test. 相似文献
99.
Optical and mechanical properties of RLVIP HfO2 films In this paper HfO2‐films were deposited on unheated fused silica, borosilicate glass, and silicon wafer substrates by reactive low voltage ion plating (RLVIP). Optical film properties, i. e. refractive index and absorption as well as mechanical properties, particularly film stress, were investigated. Their dependence on deposition parameters, i. e. arc current and oxygen partial pressure was studied. The film refractive index was calculated from spectrophotometric measurements. The low absorption was determined by photothermal deflection spectrometry. Stress measurements were performed by bending disc method with uncoated and coated silicon wafer substrates. 相似文献
100.