Solution of elastic crack problems by superposition of finite elements and singular fields

A new finite element method is presented for the solution of plane elasticity problems which contain nonremovable stress singularities. Singular stress field are combined with finite element solutions by a superposition technique; an important feature of the method is that use of the singular fields may be restricted to any specified group of elements which include the singular point. It is shown that good estimates for stress intensity factors are obtained when the method is applied to crack problems.     

The effect of practice on recall of emotional information in individuals with generalized social phobia.

Understanding memory processes in social anxiety is important because these individuals often report negative memories of anxiety-provoking situations and because of the recent emphasis on learning and memory in models of anxiety. The authors examined the effect of learning on memory for negative social, positive social, and nonsocial information using the retrieval-induced forgetting paradigm in individuals with generalized social phobia (GSPs) and in nonanxious controls (NACs). Words were presented in 1 of 3 practice conditions: practiced words from a practiced category, unpracticed words from a practiced category, and unpracticed words from an unpracticed category. GSPs and NACs showed the same patterns of memory for practice categories for positive social and nonsocial words. However, for negative social words, GSPs benefited less from practice and were hurt less from the effect of practicing competing negative social information than were NACs. This pattern of processing may hamper GSPs' learning of, and habituation to, negative social information. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Report of the Committee on Education and Personnel Standards

Building THE Future City. Edited by Robert B. Mitchell. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 242, November, 1945. Philadelphia, the Academy 1945, $2.00.

Road To Reaction, by Herman Finer. Boston: Little, Brown &; Co., 1945. PP. xii, 228, $2.00.

Freedom Under Planning, by Barbara Wootton. Chapel Hill — University of North Carolina Press, 1945. Pp. 180, $2.00.

A Plan For The Business Area City Of White Plains, New York: A Report To The Post-War Planning Commission, by Arthur C. Holden. Holden, McLaughlin &; Associates, New York, 1945.     

Urinary Tract Tumor Organoids Reveal Eminent Differences in Drug Sensitivities When Compared to 2-Dimensional Culture Systems

Generation of organoids from urinary tract tumor samples was pioneered a few years ago. We generated organoids from two upper tract urothelial carcinomas and from one bladder cancer sample, and confirmed the expression of cytokeratins as urothelial antigens, vimentin as a mesenchymal marker, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 by immunohistochemistry. We investigated the dose response curves of two novel components, venetoclax versus {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"S63845","term_id":"400540","term_text":"S63845"}}S63845, in comparison to the clinical standard cisplatin in organoids in comparison to the corresponding two-dimensional cultures. Normal urothelial cells and tumor lines RT4 and HT1197 served as controls. We report that upper tract urothelial carcinoma cells and bladder cancer cells in two-dimensional cultures yielded clearly different sensitivities towards venetoclax, {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"S63845","term_id":"400540","term_text":"S63845"}}S63845, and cisplatin. Two-dimensional cultures were more sensitive at low drug concentrations, while organoids yielded higher drug efficacies at higher doses. In some two-dimensional cell viability experiments, colorimetric assays yielded different IC₅₀ toxicity levels when compared to chemiluminescence assays. Organoids exhibited distinct sensitivities towards cisplatin and to a somewhat lesser extent towards venetoclax or {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"S63845","term_id":"400540","term_text":"S63845"}}S63845, respectively, and significantly different sensitivities towards the three drugs investigated when compared to the corresponding two-dimensional cultures. We conclude that organoids maintained inter-individual sensitivities towards venetoclax, {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"S63845","term_id":"400540","term_text":"S63845"}}S63845, and cisplatin. The preclinical models and test systems employed may bias the results of cytotoxicity studies.     

Self-management of cystic fibrosis: short-term outcomes of the Cystic Fibrosis Family Education Program

This study tested the efficacy of the Cystic Fibrosis Family Education Program, a cystic fibrosis self-management program, on improving participants' knowledge, self-efficacy, self-management behavior, health, and quality of life. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest nonequivalent comparison group design was employed. Participants made up 104 patient-primary caregiver dyads from the intervention site cystic fibrosis center and 95 from the usual care comparison center. The intervention, a self-paced print curriculum based on social cognitive theory, targeted behavioral capability, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations and was implemented as an integral part of medical care. Parents, early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescents received separate materials on respiratory, nutrition and malabsorption, communication, and coping issues. Significant intervention effects were found on the knowledge scores for caregivers, adolescents, and children; caregiver and adolescent total self-management scores; Child Behavior Checklist total score; one parent coping scale score; the modified NIH score; NIH pulmonary factor 1; and the Brasfield total score. Significant interaction effects were evident in the self-efficacy scores for caregivers and children.     

From Washington

Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society -     

Digital data acquisition,display and analysis of signals from surfaces

A digital data acquisition and display system has been interfaced to an ultra high vacuum scanning electron microscope (UHV-SEM); the sample chamber contains detection systems for Auger and secondary electron spectroscopy and many in-situ surface preparation facilities. The acquisition system is being used for collection and display of this data in the form of spectra, line-scans and images. Subsequent analysis of stored data is done both on this system and on a similar off-line computer system. This paper describes the computer systems chosen and the detection and acquisition hardware developed. Program structures for on-line and off-line analysis are discussed. Examples of applications to surface science are given, including the collection and analysis of micro-Auger spectra, SEM picture analysis of crystals grown in-situ, and Auger and biased secondary electron imaging from sub-monolayer deposits.     

Issues in the Analysis of Proof-Search Strategies in Sequential Presentations of Logics

Many proof search strategies can be expressed as restrictions on the order of application of the rules of the sequent calculus. Properties of these strategies are then shown by permutation arguments, such as showing that a given strategy is complete by transforming an arbitrary proof into one which obeys the strategy. Such analyses involve some very tedious manipulations of proofs, and are potentially overwhelming for humans. In this paper we investigate the development of systematic techniques for the analysis of sequent calculi. We show how a particular specification of inference rules leads to a detailed analysis of permutation properties for these rules, and we also investigate how to detect redundancies in proofs resulting from these rules.