Fibre reinforced glasses

A new method of preparing fibre reinforced glasses is put forward, which is based on further developments of the known slurry method and the sol-gel technique. This method combines the advantages of the two procedures. The prepregs are hot-pressed and the influence of preparation parameters on the bending strength are investigated. The pressure, temperature, time of pressing, granulation of the glass powder, the type of sol-gel solution and the gas atmosphere during the hot-pressing were all studied.     

OPTIMA

Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen der Reorganisation des Landesbetriebes Hamburger Stadtreinigung wurden zur Erhöhung der Effizienz und Wirtschaftlichkeit verschiedene Planungs- und Steuerungsinstrumente eingeführt. Eines dieser Instrumente stellt das EDV-gestützte Planungssystem OPTIMA, zur täglichen Planung der Abfallentsorgung des Stadtgebietes der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg dar.Die Abfallentsorgung wird mit einem hierarchischen System, bestehend aus vier Ebenen, geplant. Für eine der Ebenen — die tägliche Abfuhrplanung — wurde die Unterstützung durch ein Netzwerkflußmodell vorgeschlagen und auf einem Personal Computer implementiert.Neben dem Aufbau und der Funktionsweise werden auch weiterführende Einsatzmöglichkeiten des Planungssystems beschrieben und eine erste Beurteilung des Einsatzes vorgenommen.Dem Aufsatz liegt ein Projekt zugrunde, das der Autor während seiner Tätigkeit bei der Fa. SCS Informationstechnik GmbH, Hamburg durchgeführt hat.     

Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of AF6 PDZ‐Mediated Protein–Protein Interactions

PDZ (PSD‐95, Dlg, ZO‐1) domains are ubiquitous interaction modules that are involved in many cellular signal transduction pathways. Interference with PDZ‐mediated protein–protein interactions has important implications in disease‐related signaling processes. For this reason, PDZ domains have gained attention as potential targets for inhibitor design and, in the long run, drug development. Herein we report the development of small molecules to probe the function of the PDZ domain from human AF6 (ALL1‐fused gene from chromosome 6), which is an essential component of cell–cell junctions. These compounds bind to AF6 PDZ with substantially higher affinity than the peptide (Ile‐Gln‐Ser‐Val‐Glu‐Val) derived from its natural ligand, EphB2. In intact cells, the compounds inhibit the AF6–Bcr interaction and interfere with epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐dependent signaling.     

Measurement and modeling of dielectric properties of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ferroelectric thin films

In this study, the real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity of lead zirconate titanate ferroelectric thin films are studied in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 100 MHz. The permittivity is well fitted by the Cole-Cole model. The variation of the relaxation time with the temperature is described by the Arrhenius law and an activation energy of 0.38 eV is found. Because of its nonlinear character, the dielectric response of the ferroelectric sample depends on the amplitude of the applied ac electric field. The permittivity is composed of three different contributions: the first is due to intrinsic lattice, the second is due to domain wall vibrations, and the third is due to domain wall jumps between pinning centers. This last contribution depends on the electric field, so it is important to control the field amplitude to obtain the desired values of permittivity and tunability.     

Freestanding silicon quantum dots: origin of red and blue luminescence

In this paper, we studied the behavior of silicon quantum dots (Si-QDs) after etching and surface oxidation by means of photoluminescence (PL) measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). We observed that etching of red luminescing Si-QDs with HF acid drastically reduces the concentration of defects and significantly enhances their PL intensity together with a small shift in the emission spectrum. Additionally, we observed the emergence of blue luminescence from Si-QDs during the re-oxidation of freshly etched particles. Our results indicate that the red emission is related to the quantum confinement effect, while the blue emission from Si-QDs is related to defect states at the newly formed silicon oxide surface.     

利用Nelder-Mead单纯形法优化模糊逻辑控制器

本文提出了一种优化模糊逻辑控制器的新方法。该方法的主要思想是自动地优化误差变化率的隶属度函数，因为这类录属度函数表征了速度的反馈。为此，首先定义了一族参数化的隶属度函数，然后，在系统的运行过程中利用Ｎｅｌｄｅｒ－Ｍｅａｄ单纯算法来优化这类隶属度函数，为了验证所提方法的有效法，报告了控制一非线性被控对象的阶跃与跟踪响应。     

Outcome of 22 successful pregnancies after liver transplantation

To evaluate course and outcome of pregnancies in liver transplanted patients and to provide a brief summary on the development of these children, 22 pregnancies and 23 children (1 month-99 months old) of 16 patients who had been liver transplanted at our institution (mean interval from transplantation to pregnancy 43.1 months) were reviewed. Standard immunosuppressive regimen during pregnancy consisted of cyclosporine A (CyA), tacrolimus (FK), azathioprine (Aza) and/or a low-dose steroid therapy. CyA and FK whole blood trough levels were monitored on a routinely basis to keep therapeutic range (CyA 80-150 ng/mL; FK 4-8 ng/mL). No patient had a graft loss and there were no lethal complications. Beside de novo hypertension (n = 3) and preeclampsia (n = 3) problems during pregnancy included one steroid-sensitive rejection at 36 wk gestation, one case of tacrolimus toxicity at 24 wk with complete reconstitution, and one case of de novo choledocholithiasis with recurrent cholangitis. Three cases of infections occurred. In total, 23 children, including one set of twins, were born. Terms of gestation (mean = 38.1 wk, +/- 2.2 SD), deliveries (spontaneous n = 13, cesarean section n = 7, forceps n = 1, vacuum extraction (VE) n = 1) and birth weights (2876 g, +/- 589.3 SD) were typical. Three pregnancies were preterm, one being a twin pregnancy. Neither congenital malformations nor unusual infections were seen in the children. Postnatal follow-up revealed appropriate physical growth to date. Psychological development seems to be adequate. Our data indicate that successful pregnancies after liver transplantation (LTX) under careful management by transplant specialists, obstetricians and perinatalogists have a good outcome. So far, neither pre- nor postnatal child development appear to be influenced by maternal immunosuppressive therapy during pregnancy.