一种连续处理纤维材料的常压等离子体设备

常压下用等离子体来处理材料,使其表面能增强,对材料进行消毒、清洁等比真空等离子体技术有优势,为研究应用该技术,在实验室中开发了一套在常压下用空气做原料连续处理材料的等离体子体设备。试制了几种不同的电极结构,以使其产生均匀的等离子体,最后确定采用旋转轮做接地电极,铜平板做高压高频电极,耐热玻璃做绝缘介质的等离子体产生结构。试验了几种不同的绝缘材料做阻挡介质后综合考虑采用耐热玻璃做阻挡介质,并比较了产生的等离子体以及对材料的处理结果,证实经过等离子体处理之后材料的表面能大大增强。     

铝合金的大功率扩散型CO_2激光粉末焊接技术Ⅱ——铝合金焊接接头的组织与性能

本试验研究就采用扩散型CO2 激光粉末焊接技术的铝合金焊接接头进行组织及性能的分析。拉伸实验的结果表明 :对于无间隙的对接焊接头 ,采用不填粉的激光焊接工艺时的抗拉强度明显低于采用填充粉末焊接工艺 ,而且断裂也是发生在焊缝部位。但是拉伸实验的过程中可以看到明显的屈服发生在母材 ,而不是焊缝。采用填粉的激光焊接工艺时则是在母材产生屈服和最终的断裂 ;对于有间隙的对接焊接头 ,采用填粉工艺时 ,其抗拉强度不低于母材的最大间隙达 0 5mm。另外 ,采用填粉工艺的对接焊接头 ,其冷弯角可达 180°、硬度和母材相当 ;其焊缝的金相组织 ,基底为Al+Si共晶与α-Al的均匀混合物 ,其上分布有结晶时先析出的纯Si;当焊接速度偏低时 ,会发生紧邻熔合线的焊缝部位的断裂。启裂区为准解理形貌 ,扩展区面积较大并且是以准解理为主的混合断口形貌 ,终断区为韧性断口形貌     

Flammability of layered silicate epoxy nanocomposites combined with low‐melting inorganic ceepree glass

Tetraphenylphosphonium modified layered silicate epoxy nanocomposite (EP/TPPMMT) combined with low‐melting silicate glass, Ceepree (CP) is investigated by thermal analysis, flammability tests and cone calorimeter at different heat fluxes. Adding CP and TPPMMT does not change the pyrolysis apart from increasing inorganic residue. The total heat evolved (THE) is changed insignificantly, as neither relevant additional carbonaceous charring nor flame inhibition occurs. However, flame retardancy is clearly observed due to an inorganic‐carbonaceous surface protection layer. The peak heat released rate (PHRR) is reduced by around 32–42% when 5 wt% TPPMMT is added, and 51–63% when 10 wt% CP is added. PHRR reduction less than expected is observed when both additives are combined. The reduction is greater than that achieved by using TPPMMT but less than when only CP is used. The morphology of fire residue is investigated by scanning electron microscope on different length scales and turns out to be the key to understanding the efficiency of flame retardancy. The fire residue of EP/CP shows a layered structure, whereas separated columns limit the barrier properties for EP/5%TPPMMT on the micrometer scale. Columns dominating the fire residue structure of EP/5%TPPMMT/10%CP deteriorate the fire retardancy, whereas a more integral structure at the top of the residue causes the improvement over EP/5%TPPMMT. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

A computationally efficient approach for hidden-Markov model-augmented fingerprint-based positioning

This paper presents a computationally efficient approach for mobile subscriber position estimation in wireless networks. A method of data scaling assisted by timing adjust is introduced in fingerprint-based location estimation under a framework which allows for minimising computational cost. The proposed method maintains a comparable level of accuracy to the traditional case where no data scaling is used and is evaluated in a simulated environment under varying channel conditions. The proposed scheme is studied when it is augmented by a hidden-Markov model to match the internal parameters to the channel conditions that present, thus minimising computational cost while maximising accuracy. Furthermore, the timing adjust quantity, available in modern wireless signalling messages, is shown to be able to further reduce computational cost and increase accuracy when available. The results may be seen as a significant step towards integrating advanced position-based modelling with power-sensitive mobile devices.     

Exergy analysis of incremental sheet forming

Research in the last 15 years has led to die-less incremental forming processes that are close to realization in an industrial setup. Whereas many studies have been carried out with the intention of investigating technical abilities and economic consequences, the ecological impact of incremental sheet forming (ISF) has not been studied so far. Using the concept of exergy analysis, two ISF technologies, namely single sided and double sided incremental forming, are investigated and compared to conventional forming and hydroforming. A second exergy analysis is carried out with the purpose of examining the environmental impact of different forming technologies from a supply chain perspective. Therefore, related upstream activities (die set production, aluminum sheet production and energy conversion and supply) are included into the exergy analysis. The entire supply chain is modeled with Matlab/Simulink. The results of both analyses suggest that ISF is environmentally advantageous for prototyping and small production runs.     

Software requirements as an application domain for natural language processing

Mapping functional requirements first to specifications and then to code is one of the most challenging tasks in software development. Since requirements are commonly written in natural language, they can be prone to ambiguity, incompleteness and inconsistency. Structured semantic representations allow requirements to be translated to formal models, which can be used to detect problems at an early stage of the development process through validation. Storing and querying such models can also facilitate software reuse. Several approaches constrain the input format of requirements to produce specifications, however they usually require considerable human effort in order to adopt domain-specific heuristics and/or controlled languages. We propose a mechanism that automates the mapping of requirements to formal representations using semantic role labeling. We describe the first publicly available dataset for this task, employ a hierarchical framework that allows requirements concepts to be annotated, and discuss how semantic role labeling can be adapted for parsing software requirements.     

A new enzymatically produced 1-lactulose: A pilot study to test the bifidogenic effects

In a novel pilot plant scale process, lactulose was synthesized enzymatically, operating a maximum batch volume of 170 L. The test product was subjected to a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot feeding study. Participants consumed a milk serum drink for 14 days, equalling a daily intake of about 3 g d⁻¹ galactosyl-fructoses. Additionally, the effect of industrially produced lactulose and a placebo drink without lactulose was determined. So far, clinical studies on the prebiotic action of lactulose only focussed on the effects of industrially generated lactulose. The intake of enzymatically synthesized lactulose significantly increased (p = 0.001) faecal bifidobacterial counts, while there was no difference with industrially produced lactulose. Analysis of the compounds showed that the drink with enzymatically synthesized lactulose contained an additional disaccharide, β-1,1-galactosyl-fructose. Presumably, this sugar has a bifidogenic effect and may represent a novel prebiotic.