A concurrent object-oriented switching program in Chill

A switching program structure that is expandable to allow inclusion of new service features and functions with minimum effort during run time, adaptable to handle enhanced services, allows new services to be added quickly, and is highly reliable, is proposed. It is based on the use of object-oriented programs, hierarchically structured programs, and building-block switching systems based on distributed processing. The discussion covers the logical switching system model, object-oriented switching program systems, concurrent object-oriented programming in Chill (CCITT high level languages), the software architecture, the building-block switching systems, and call processing. Early evaluation results are included     

Structural anisotropy of silica hydrogels prepared under magnetic field

Birefringence measurements have been carried out on the Pb-doped silica hydrogels prepared under various magnetic fields up to 5T. The silica gels prepared at 5T were used as a medium of crystal growth of PbBr₂, whose result implied the structural anisotropy; an aligned array of crystallites was obtained by transmission electron microscopy. While the samples prepared at 0, 1, and 3T have no birefringence, we found that the samples have negative birefringence on the order of magnitude 10^− 6 as if the direction of the magnetic field is the optic axis of a uniaxal crystal. To the authors' knowledge, the birefringent silica hydrogels were obtained by gelation under magnetic field for the first time. Also, scanning microscopic light scattering experiments have been performed. The results indicate that the characteristic length distribution for birefringent samples is narrower than that for non-birefringent ones.     

Strigolactones Modulate Salicylic Acid-Mediated Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Strigolactones are low-molecular-weight phytohormones that play several roles in plants, such as regulation of shoot branching and interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic weeds. Recently, strigolactones have been shown to be involved in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Herein, we analyzed the effects of strigolactones on systemic acquired resistance induced through salicylic acid-mediated signaling. We observed that the systemic acquired resistance inducer enhanced disease resistance in strigolactone-signaling and biosynthesis-deficient mutants. However, the amount of endogenous salicylic acid and the expression levels of salicylic acid-responsive genes were lower in strigolactone signaling-deficient max2 mutants than in wildtype plants. In both the wildtype and strigolactone biosynthesis-deficient mutants, the strigolactone analog GR24 enhanced disease resistance, whereas treatment with a strigolactone biosynthesis inhibitor suppressed disease resistance in the wildtype. Before inoculation of wildtype plants with pathogenic bacteria, treatment with GR24 did not induce defense-related genes; however, salicylic acid-responsive defense genes were rapidly induced after pathogenic infection. These findings suggest that strigolactones have a priming effect on Arabidopsis thaliana by inducing salicylic acid-mediated disease resistance.     

The charge-pumping technique for grain boundary trap evaluation inpolysilicon TFTs

Polysilicon thin-film transistor (poly-Si TFT) characteristics were evaluated by using the charge-pumping technique. The recombination current at the grain boundary traps is measured as the charge-pumping current in this technique. Therefore, the influence of the grain boundary traps is directly evaluated. It was confirmed that a large number of acceptorlike and donorlike traps exist at the grain boundaries in poly-Si TFTs. The trap density is derived from the pulse falltime dependence of the charge-pumping current. The influence of process temperature on trap properties is examined using the charge-pumping technique     

Improved method for evaluating antenna performance in mobile environment with consideration of polarization and phase

The paper presents an improved method for evaluating antenna performance in a multipath propagation environment. It demonstrates, theoretically and experimentally, that by using polarization and phase terms of the incident field and the antenna system in the evaluation of the antenna effective gain (AEG), the AEG can be evaluated more efficiently as compared with the conventional method. First, a theoretical expression of the received power is given by using the open-circuit voltage at the antenna terminals, in which both the polarization and the phase of the incident field and antenna gain patterns are explicitly used. Secondly, a newly developed system for the measurement of field parameters, such as polarization and phase as well as amplitude, is introduced. Thirdly, incident field parameters measured in urban and suburban areas of Tokyo are described. It was confirmed that major incident waves were counted in up to five or six directions at a mobile terminal and their polarizations and phases were different depending on the direction of incidence. Also, measurement of the antenna gain patterns of the latest personal digital cellular handset at a talk position finds the dependence of the AEG on polarization and phase, which were significantly varied by the body effect. Finally, the AEG is evaluated based on the method introduced here, and its usefulness is compared with that of the conventional method.     

Design of 4-kbit×4-layer optically coupled three-dimensionalcommon memory for parallel processor system

The optically coupled three-dimensional common (3D-OCC) memory is an intelligent memory for a real-time parallel processor system. It consists of a multilayered structure of two-dimensional memory with LEDs and photoconductors. The memory layers are optically coupled with each other through the LEDs and the photoconductors. Data are transferred in the vertical direction by optical coupling, while the conventional memory operations are performed in the horizontal planes. Very fast optical data transfer of 32 Gb/s/layer is confirmed in the simulation     

Development of a damping analysis program for multi-generator powersystems

A numerical damping analysis program (DAMP), based upon the frequency scanning method, for application to multi-generator power systems has been developed. This program permits the determination of electrical and mechanical torsional damping at arbitrary frequencies with respect to the individual generator under consideration within such a multi-machine system. Therefore, this allows the quantitative frequency domain analysis of power swing and torsional oscillation with due consideration for the effects of mutual interference among the generators. In this paper, first, the basic algorithm, modeling method, and validity of the new program are indicated. Next, the effectiveness of the program is demonstrated through SSR and other types of analyses for multi-machine systems