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51.
Electromigration reliability of interconnect under bidirectional current stress has been studied in a wide frequency range (mHz to 200 MHz). Experimental results show that the AC lifetime rises with the stress current frequency. The current density exponent and the activation energy of AC lifetime are found to be twice that of DC lifetime. Pure AC current stress failure at extremely high current density is believed to result from thermal migration of metal at hot/cold transition points 相似文献
52.
When melting processes are associated with an exothermic heat of mixing, unique coupled transport phenomena take place. In
this article, a mathematical model has been developed to simulate these unique coupled heat and mass transfer events. The
model was based on the control-volume finite difference approach and on an enthalpy method. In order to verify the mathematical
model, a low-temperature physical model was established consisting of ice and sulfuric acid solutions. In this physical model,
both temperature and velocity measurements were carried out. The model predictions were compared with experimental measurements,
and they were found to be in good agreement. The model was also applied to a high-temperature system, namely, the melting
of silicon metal in liquid high carbon iron. The predictions distinguished two periods present in the entire melting process.
In the first period, the silicon was heated up. The second period, i.e., free melting period, occurred in tandem with the exothermic reaction, and consequently, the melting process was greatly
accelerated. As was the case with the low-temperature physical model, as with the high-temperature system, good agreement
was obtained between the predicted results and the experimental measurements. 相似文献
53.
中国的三种非同步轨道卫星移动通信系统星座方案 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
本文介绍基于我国的三种非同步轨道卫星移动通信系统星座方案:低、中轨系统各有24和18颗星,轨道高度分别为1326和8035km,两系统各以5°和30°的仰角对我国的覆盖率为99.78%和99.96%;椭圆轨道系统12颗星,近、远地点分别为427和2906km,以7°和15°仰角对我国北纬20°以上地区覆盖率分别为97.90%和89.61%,若增加4颗中轨卫星,以15°仰角对我国的覆盖率为99.99%。 相似文献
54.
55.
通用串行总线(USB)数据传输模型 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
USB作为一种数据传输接口,了解它的通信传输机制是正确利用USB利用数据传输的基础,分层次结构对USB数据传输模型加以分析,可以使读者建立起USB体系结构、通信模型和总线事务的框架和概念,并最终对USB传输工作流程有一个清晰的认识。 相似文献
56.
Cluster analysis in industrial market segmentation through artificial neural network 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Market segmentation has commonly applied cluster analysis. This study intends to make the comparison of conventional two-stage method with proposed two-stage method through the simulated data. The proposed two-stage method is the combination of self-organizing feature maps and K-means method. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is better than the conventional two-stage method based on the rate of misclassification. 相似文献
57.
介绍了一种采用改进型的CLS3700数控测井系统对微电阻率扫描仪数据采集与控制接口的设计及实现方法。基于CLS3700数控测井仪和FMS仪采用89C51单片机设计出通信接口,解决了微电阻率方法。基于CLS3700数控测井仪和FMS仪采用89C51单片机设备出通信接口电路,解决了微电阻主扫描仪现现场实时处理中的瓶颈问题。 相似文献
58.
59.
A 66-kV network generally is grounded through a neutral grounding resistor. In this network a single-phase ground-fault current is limited to as small as 100 to 400 A. There are parallel four-circuit transmission lines mounted on the same tower in the 66-kV network. In such transmission lines, the load and the fault currents could induce circulating current that flows through the lines. Since the circulating current has zero-phase-sequence and negative-phase-sequence components, it could cause unwanted operation of a balance ground relay using zero-phase-sequence current. However, it is difficult to compensate for the circulating current by the conventional vector compensation scheme. This paper presents a new balance ground relay to deal with the circulating current. In the relay from the ground-fault inception until first tripping, the difference current Δ3I2d of negative-phase-sequence current 3I2d of the differential current between two protected lines is used as an input current. The Δ3I2d is the difference current of 3I2d between, before and during faults. After the first tripping, the difference current of positive-phase-sequence load current and zero-phase-sequence current of the forementioned differential current are used as an input current. Consequently, a higher sensitivity of the ground-fault protection for these lines has been achieved. The correct operation of the new balance ground relay was confirmed when a single-phase-ground-fault occurred in the parallel four-circuit transmission lines, to which the relay is applied. 相似文献
60.