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41.
42.
Effect of deformation route on microstructural development in aluminum processed by equal channel angular extrusion 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Pei-Ling Sun Po-We Kao Chih-Pu Chang 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2004,35(4):1359-1368
Aluminum has been deformed by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) to obtain submicron-grained structures under different
deformation routes. The deformation routes were varied by rotating billets through 0, 90, and 180 deg between each extrusion
pass, and were designated as route A, BC, and C, respectively. Based on quantitative microstructural analysis, the effectiveness of the deformation route is shown
to depend upon the different definition used. The order of effectiveness is (a) A > BC > C for both 90 and 120 deg dies, in terms of the generation of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs); (b) BC > C > A for both 90 and 120 deg dies, in terms of the formation of equiaxed shape of grains; and (c) BC > A > C for 90 deg die and BC ∼ A > C for 120 die, in terms of reducing grain size. It is suggested that the generation of HAGBs can be related to the
accumulation of nonredundant strain, while the shape and orientation of grains may be linked to the shearing patterns of the
deformation route. 相似文献
43.
Catherine J. Harrison Yann A. Le Gouellec Robert C. Cheng Amy E. Childress 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,133(11):1004-1014
A dual-staged nanofiltration process is being evaluated as an alternative to reverse osmosis for seawater desalination. The primary goal of this system is to reduce energy consumption while producing potable water at an acceptable recovery rate. Investigation of this system at the bench-scale level focused on membrane surface characterization, ion rejection (including boron, bromide, and iodide rejection), and flux decline. Results from this study showed that two commercially available nanofiltration membranes can effectively desalinate seawater. Although fouling was apparent—and resulted in approximately 20% flux decline over 3 days—a critical flux was not identifiable. Operation of the system at different cross-flow velocities revealed the significance of hydrodynamic conditions on the polarization modulus, and hence on membrane performance. 相似文献
44.
Shuenn-Yih Chang 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,133(5):555-565
It was found that the discontinuity at the end of an impulse will lead to numerical inaccuracy as this discontinuity will result in an extra impulse and thus an extra displacement in the time history analysis. In addition, this extra impulse is proportional to the discontinuity value at the end of the impulse and the size of integration time step. To overcome this difficulty, an effective approach is proposed to reduce the extra impulse and hence the extra displacement. In fact, the novel approach proposed in this paper is to perform a single small time step immediately upon the termination of applied impulse, whereas other time steps can be conducted by using the step size determined from accuracy consideration in period. The feasibility of this approach is analytically explored. Further, analytical results are confirmed by numerical examples. Numerical studies also show that this approach can be applied to other step-by-step integration methods. It seems that to slightly complicate the programming of dynamic analysis codes is the only disadvantage of this approach. 相似文献
45.
Lee C. Chang Ph.D. Associate Professor Director Jeri L. Edwards Senior Manager 《Computers & Industrial Engineering》1991,21(1-4):147-151
Image processing allows the automation of the business transaction, turning “paper factories” into “image factories.” This burgeoning new area of computerization needs new paradigms, theories, and methods to maximize its effectiveness at cutting time and costs. This paper investigates what this new area of computerization can gain from CIM technology. It examines the similarities between the processing of computer images in a paperless business environment and the processing of materials into products in the manufacturing plant. These similarities will allow us to apply mature, well-tested CIM techniques to emerging image factories. 相似文献
46.
Yi‐Hung Chen Ching‐Yuan Chang Wei‐Ling Su Chun‐Yu Chiu Yue‐Hwa Yu Pen‐Chi Chiang Chiung‐Fen Chang Je‐Lueng Shie Chyow‐San Chiou Sally IM Chiang 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(1):68-75
This study investigates the ozonation of CI Reactive Black 5 (RB5) by using the rotating packed bed (RPB) and completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR) as ozone contactors. The RPB, which provides high gravitational force by adjusting the rotational speed, was employed as a novel ozone contactor. The same ozone dosage was separately introduced into either the RPB or the CSTR for the investigation, while the experimental solution was continuously circulated within the apparatus consisting of the RPB and CSTR. The decolorization and mineralization efficiencies of RB5 in the course of ozonation are compared for these two methods. Moreover, the dissolved and off‐gas ozone concentrations were simultaneously monitored for the further analysis. As a result, the ozone mass transfer rate per unit volume of the RPB was significantly higher because of its higher mass transfer coefficient and gas–liquid concentration driving force. Furthermore, ozonation kinetics was found to be independent of the gravitational magnitude of an ozone gas–liquid contactor. Therefore, the results suggest employing RPBs as ozone‐contacting devices with the advantage of volume reduction. The experimental results, which can be used for further modeling of the ozonation process in the RPB, also show the requirement of correct design for the RPB. Consequently, the present study is useful for the understanding of practical application of RPBs. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
47.
Let Ψ be any adaptive sampling algorithm that can run in real time on a tapeless multichannel electrocardiogram (ECG) Holter system. Simple methods which can significantly improve Ψ's fidelity are described and their results are compared in this paper. It is shown that by adding some simple tests to Ψ, the signals reconstructed by Ψ can be improved as much as 5.45 dB. It is also shown that under the same data rate, a good data compressor with slowly sampled input ECG is preferable to a bad data compressor with highly sampled input ECG 相似文献
48.
Jenghwa Chang Graber H.L. Ping Chen Koo Aronson R. Barbour S.-L.S. Barbour R.L. 《IEEE transactions on medical imaging》1997,16(1):68-77
Presents a model suitable for computing images of absorption cross sections of thick tissue structures illuminated at near infrared (NIR) wavelengths from tomographic projection data. Image reconstruction is accomplished by solving a system of linear equations derived from transport theory. Reconstruction results using different algebraic solvers are shown for anatomical maps of the breast, derived from magnetic resonance imaging data, containing two simulated pathologies, in which case qualitatively good reconstructions were obtained. Evaluation of magnetic resonance (MR) data to optimize NIR optical tomographic imaging methods and to assess the feasibility of a combined MR-optical measurement scheme is discussed 相似文献
49.
Wen-Chau Liu Lih-Wen Laih Shiou-Ying Cheng Wen-Lung Chang Wei-Chou Wang Jing-Yuh Chen Po-Hung Lin 《Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on》1998,45(2):373-379
In this paper, a new multiple negative-differential-resistance (MNDR) device based on a metal-insulator-semiconductor-insulator-metal (MISIM)-like structure with step-compositional InxGa1-x As quantum wells has been fabricated and demonstrated. The interesting MNDR phenomena are found in the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of this device. At room temperature, the triple switching behaviours and quadruple stable operation states are obtained. In addition, the sixfold switching behaviors and a staircase-shaped I-V characteristic are observed at -105°C. A sequential carrier accumulation at InGaAs subwells and the potential lowering process are used to qualitatively explain the interesting MNDR phenomena. From the experimental results, it is shown that the studied device has good potential in multiple-valued logic applications 相似文献
50.
从冷却曲线上相变段倾角最小原则出发,研究了新型激冷剂的配比与热分析法检测铸铁成分精度的关系,实验结果表明,能使相变段倾角最小的成分配比,也能提高对铸铁成分的热分析和检测精度。 相似文献