Stress-corrosion-crack initiation and growth-rate studies on titanium grade 7 and alloy 22 in concentrated groundwater

The stress-corrosion-crack initiation and growth-rate response was evaluated on as-received, cold-worked, and aged Alloy 22 (UNS N06022) and titanium Grade 7 in 105 °C to 110 °C, aerated, concentrated, high-pH groundwater environments. Time-to-failure experiments on actively loaded tensile specimens evaluated the effects of applied stress, welding, surface finish, shot peening, cold work, crevicing, and aging treatments in Alloy 22. Titanium Grade 7 and stainless steels were also included in the matrix. Long-term crack-growth-rate data showed stable crack growth in titanium Grade 7. Alloy 22 exhibited stable growth rates under “gentle” cyclic loading, but was prone to crack arrest at fully static loading. No effect of Pb additions was observed. This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium “Effect of Processing on Materials Properties for Nuclear Waste Disposition,” November 10–11, 2003, at the TMS Fall meeting in Chicago, Illinois, under the joint auspices of the TMS Corrosion and Environmental Effects and Nuclear Materials Committees.     

Ermittlung der Verformungen und Spannungen einer gelochten Gummimembran mit Hilfe von Rasterverfahren

Zusammenfassung Für eine gelochte Gummimembran wird die Verformung mit einem Rasterverfahren in unterschiedlichen Laststufen experimentell ermittelt. Hierzu werden die Koordinaten eines Kreuzrasters auf der Gummioberfl?che mit der digitalen Bildverarbeitung automatisch bestimmt. Aus einem zuvor angepa?ten Stoffgesetz ergeben sich dann die Spannungen und die Schnittkr?fte in Lastrichtung. Durch Vergleich mit den bekannten ?u?eren Lasten wird die Genauigkeit des Verfahrens überprüft.     

Automated real-time hit picking, retesting, and reflux testing

Advances in automation have enabled screening methods, such as enzymatic assays and ELISAs, to be performed in a high-throughput fashion. Instruments can perform each of the steps more rapidly and with fewer errors than humans, however, in many cases, humans still perform the key steps of integrating the instruments and Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS). Typically, the screening process involves multiple steps for sample testing, manual data entry and design of protocols to handle the positive samples, and final processing of positives. Fully integrated systems such as Protedyne's BioCube^™ System combine liquid handling, LIMS, plate washing, and plate reading in a device that is controlled via a single user interface. As an example, we present the results of automating plate reading and retesting of positive samples in a model protocol based on ELISA testing. By performing an automated initial screening of results, our system enables positive samples to be retested at higher stringency or sent to a technician for corroboration of results. The screening process then becomes a single protocol that starts with a sample set and results in a data set of tested and retested/reflux tested positives as well as re-arrayed plates of positive samples that are ready for additional downstream processing.     

The Effects of Negative Ionisation on Subjective Symptom Intensity and Driver Vigilance in a Moving Vehicle

100 drivers aged 23-65, 53 male and 47 female, were recruited to drive an apparently unmodified passenger car for one hour in city traffic. They were randomly assigned either to a control condition, or to ionised air containing 20 000-30 000 negative ions/ml, but were unaware of the presence of an ioniser in the vehicle. A computer initiated unprepared signals to which drivers should normally be alert. Drivers responded by pressing a foot-switch and reporting verbally. Signals were selected at random from 21 possible signals, and were presented for up to 3 minutes, with a random delay of 30-180 seconds after each response or failure to respond. Subjects reported subjective symptom intensity by marking a set of 11 visual-analogue scales. Eye symptoms were alleviated by ionisation for subjects aged < 40 years (P<0.05), but older female subjects experienced more eye discomfort, headache and fatigue in the ionisation condition (P < 0.05). Detection of 10 of the 21 signals was better (P < 0.05, 2-tail) in the ionisation condition. The effect was more often significant in the second half-hour, for subjects < 40 years, and for women. A significant negative effect (P < 0.05) was observed for the signal indicating speed below true speed.     

Dreidimensionales Stauchen von Rechtkantblöcken

Schrankenverfahren zur Berechnung der Umformkraft und Umformleistung. Tschebyscheff-Polynome als Ansatzfunktionen für das Geschwindigkeitsfeld. Vergleich der Ergebnisse.     

第一代葡萄牙风景园林大师（1940—1970）

详细阐述了第一代葡萄牙风景园林大师弗朗西斯科·卡德拉·卡法兰的求学和工作历程,着重介绍了他在葡萄牙风景园林教育和研究上取得的卓越成就,创立专业的实践课程并为教育系统奠定基础,使其成为欧洲风景园林行业先锋之一。法兰卡还积极参与风景园林实践,从私人庭院、公园到农场建设、水利灌溉以及当地和周边的景观规划都有所涉及,设计了设计了国家体育馆、阿格莱拉庄园和其他在全球各地的精典作品。     

Levels and patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in incineration ashes

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were analysed in weathered bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration, fly ash from a mixed heating plant and an ash mixture from different kinds of biofuels. Although of different origin and age, all three ashes are evaluated in different small-scale fill applications. The ultimate goal is the usage of these ashes on a larger scale. The samples were Soxhlet extracted and analysed using GC/MS in the full scan mode. The sum of the 16 US EPA PAHs was found to vary from 140 microg/kg up to more than 77000 microg/kg. Total amounts of PAHs were similar in bottom ash and in fly ash. The concentration in the mixed biofuel ash was more than 10 times higher, and exceeded the generic guidelines for PAHs in soil set by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The patterns of the individual PAHs normalised to the total concentration of PAHs were found to be very similar for all the three ashes. Naphthalene and phenanthrene were the dominating PAHs for all ash samples, but the mixed biofuel ash also contained high levels of fluoranthene and pyrene.     

Authentication of marine oils using 13C NMR spectroscopy

NMR spectroscopy has been particularly valuable in the study of lipids, since it provides qualititative and quantitative information on chemically diverse compounds in a non‐destructive and non‐selective fashion. NMR gives a fingerprint of the sample analyzed and may be used as a rapid profiling technique. Combined with chemometrics and databases with relevant authentic samples, ¹³C NMR is a powerful tool for authentication of marine oils.     

Impact of Diet Composition on Blood Glucose Regulation

Nutritional management of blood glucose levels is a strategic target in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To implement such an approach, it is essential to understand the effect of food on glycemic regulation and on the underlying metabolic derangements. This comprehensive review summarizes the results from human dietary interventions exploring the impact of dietary components on blood glucose levels. Included are the major macronutrients; carbohydrate, protein and fat, micronutrient vitamins and minerals, nonnutrient phytochemicals and additional foods including low-calorie sweeteners, vinegar, and alcohol. Based on the evidence presented in this review, it is clear that dietary components have significant and clinically relevant effects on blood glucose modulation. An integrated approach that includes reducing excess body weight, increased physical activity along with a dietary regime to regulate blood glucose levels will not only be advantages in T2DM management, but will benefit the health of the population and limit the increasing worldwide incidence of T2DM.