SENSORY ACCEPTABILITY OF A DEEP-FRIED CARROT CHIP PRODUCT AS EVALUATED BY AMERICAN AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN CONSUMER PANELS

Following development of deep‐fried carrot chips, a high provitamin A carotenoid‐snack, consumer acceptances for color, uniformity, overall appearance, odor, saltiness, sweetness, overall flavor, crispiness, oiliness, overall texture, and overall acceptability of the product were evaluated. Eighty‐nine consumer panelists consisting of Americans from the Plains states of the United States (n = 45) and Southeast Asians (n = 44), males and females,19–45 years, participated in this study. Color, uniformity, and odor were rated as good. Saltiness and sweetness were rated as nearly about right. Crispiness was rated as good, and oiliness as slightly oily. Generally, the product was acceptable to both types of consumer panelists, American and Southeast Asian, as shown by their ratings on overall appearance, overall flavor, overall texture, and overall acceptability. The differences in acceptance among country, gender, and country X gender groups were statistically not significant (P0.05).     

INFLUENCE OF MICROWAVE RADIATION ON RIPENING OF DHAKKI DATES

Research was conducted to investigate the impact of microwave (Mw) radiation for stimulating the ripening of Dhakki date fruits. The fruits picked at four sub-Khalal (Doka) maturity stages well before the onset of ripening, were radiated for 10 to 50 s at three microwave power levels of low (210 W), low medium (360 W) and medium (480 W) intensity. The radiated samples along with nonradiated control were placed for ripening/curing at 40C under fluorescent light, dark or sun. The effectiveness of a treatment was evaluated by estimating ripeness after 24, 48, 120 and 144 h incubation. Ripening/curing of the fruits increased gradually during the incubation displaying no difference in the rate whether incubated under dark or light. However, the Mw radiation boosted up the date forming process seven times, reducing the curing period sharply from 288 h for the control samples to 40 h for the samples that were Mw radiated for 50 s at 480 W. The stage of maturity of the fruits also offered a positive response to the ripening process thereby enhancing yield of the product substantially and maturity levels at the late Doka stage with hardness level of 180–200 mmHg.cm⁻² believed the attractive maturity range for the ripening. Moreover, the radiation at 480 W facilitated early harvesting of fruits prior to attaining optimum maturity stage, thereby saving at least two weeks hanging of the fruits on the tree, and hence the damage by monsoon rain is expected to be reduced while the desirable qualities of the dates are held intact. However, exposing the fruits beyond 480 W manifested heat roasting and resulted in undesirable baked flavor.     

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A D.C. DRIVE ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEM WITH ELASTIC COUPLING AND PULSATING LOAD TORQUE

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the analysis of a d.c. motor drive with a pulsating load torque and elastic mechanical link between the motor and the load. A mathematical model of the system using State Space technique is given and the equations are solved to obtain closed-form solutions for motor speed and current under transient and steady state conditions. The analysis reveals that the system performance is significantly affected by elasticity of the shaft and the nature of pulsation of load torque     

KOH@NaX酸碱性调控及对甲苯甲醇侧链烷基化性能的影响

通过固 液连续混加法制备了KOH改性的NaX系列催化剂,并采用X射线衍射（XRD）、N₂物理吸附-脱附、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能谱（SEM-EDS-Mapping）、CO₂-TPD、NH₃-TPD等表征手段对其进行分析,考察KOH改性的NaX系列催化剂在甲苯甲醇侧链烷基化反应中的催化性能。结果表明：KOH的均匀负载有利于增加NaX分子筛上强碱性位,同时抑制了中强酸性位;显著提高了甲醇转化率和苯乙烯与乙苯的总选择性,同时降低了甲烷和二甲苯的总选择性。在常压、425 ℃、质量空速1.0 h^-1、甲苯/甲醇摩尔比为5的条件下,当KOH的负载质量分数为7%时,甲醇转化率、苯乙烯和乙苯的总收率分别为99.81%和97.82%。通过对甲苯甲醇侧链烷基化反应机理的研究发现,甲醇在强碱性位和中强酸性位上存在一对竞争反应：甲醇在强碱性位上脱氢生成甲醛,进而与被活化的甲苯上的甲基反应生成苯乙烯和乙苯;而在中强酸性位上甲醇既可以加氢生成甲烷,也可以与甲苯发生苯环烷基化反应生成二甲苯。     

A privacy-conserving framework based intrusion detection method for detecting and recognizing malicious behaviours in cyber-physical power networks

Applied Intelligence - Contemporary Smart Power Systems (SPNs) depend on Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) to connect physical devices and control tools. Developing a robust privacy-conserving...     

GRANULAR FERTILIZER DRYING AND AGGLOMERATION IN STORAGE

ABSTRACT

In the manufacture of granular NPK fertilizer the product is cooled before packaging and storage in moisture-proof bags. It has been shown that the temperature of the fertilizer prior to packing is significant in that at high temperatures, drying of the granules takes place in the bag which causes an increase in the humidity of the air surrounding the granules and thus an increase in moisture content at the granule - granule interface. This surface moisture was shown to increase the likelihood of agglomeration in the fertilizer by a capillary adhesion / unconfined yield stress model. An iterative model was set up to establish conditions that would prevent drying occurring, which takes into account fertilizer drying rate, fertilizer cooling rate cooling rate and the effect of coaling oils on the drying mechanism.     

ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF DESI CHICKPEA VARIETIES COMMONLY CONSUMED IN PAKISTAN

Antioxidant potential of four Desi chickpeas ( Cicer arietinum L.) varieties indigenous to Pakistan, namely Balksar 2000, CM98, Dasht and Winhar 2000, was evaluated. All studied varieties exhibited appreciable total phenolic content (0.92–1.12 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), total flavonoid content (0.79–0.99 mg catechin equivalent [CAE]/g) and condensed tannin content (0.58–0.69 mg CAE/g). In addition, antioxidant activities were tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (1.05–1.24 µmol trolox/g), 2,2 ' -azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (37.24–45.32 µmol trolox/g), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (0.73–0.90 mmol Fe^{2 +} equivalents/100 g) and oxygen radical-absorbing capacity (8.58–11.4 µmol trolox/g). All varieties exhibited appreciable antioxidant potential and significant differences ( P <  0.05) were observed among the varieties in different systems of antioxidant activity evaluation. The results of the present analytical study showed Desi chickpea ( C. arietinum L.) indigenous to Pakistan to be a potentially valuable legume crop with high antioxidant potential.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The analytical findings of this study provide a regional database for this valuable legume crop, which has not been explored so far. The data obtained will be useful to both producers and consumers. Chickpeas may be used as functional ingredients for processing into health foods in the food industry.     

A modification of the moireA fringes technique for the analysis of moments and deflexions in a laterally loaded plate

This paper describes an adaptation of the moire fringes method for the analysis of uniformly laterally loaded plates with various edge conditions. In this technique the deflected specimen is composed of two parallel transparent sheets forming walls of a sealed water–filled cell. Under pressure, the cell acts as a lens and interference fringes are produced by photographing a ruled screen through it. A method of analysis using thin lens theory is presented and experimental results are compared with figures obtained by a finite differences solution. Good agreement is found between the result of the two alternative analyses.