医疗应用中的压力测量

正医疗设备设计人员在选择压力传感器时必须考虑耐受冷凝湿度这一棘手的问题。通常,他们需要在功能特点、封装类型和成本之间反复权衡。除此之外,除了大块头的重载介质隔离压力传感器,医疗设备几乎没有其他传感选项可供选择。在推出兼容液体介质的电路板安装型传感器     

日本包装市场概览

当前,全球化进程使贸易与每个国家息息相关,而国际贸易环境又瞬息万变：全球化趋势对出口包装有着直接影响,产品在区域内或远距离的跨区域范围内进行交换,涉及到复杂的物流活动；同时,发展中国家和经济转型国家的出口潜力巨大,中小型企业也更多地参与到国际贸易中来,这些国家和企业正在努力寻求出口包装方面最实用的信息,对于我国尤为如此。如何保证产品在抵达最终目的地时的状况完好无损?如何确保整个供应链各环节中产品的安全性和可追溯性?如何达到合规要求,即符合国际、区域性以及当地的法规和标准,包括贴标、标识和编码要求?如何使产品包装更具吸引力,即满足市场需求、设计独特,保证产品的显而易见,在货架上易于识别,包括色标以及标识设计等方面?如何使产品包装能够有效传递信息,实现品牌效应,令产品个性鲜明?如何使产品包装在所有阶段都便于用户使用,实现用户价值最大化,优化功能性要求,使产品得到客户最大的满意认可度?如何使产品包装具有成本竞争力,具备最优化成本的标准设计和产品行状?随着包装行业的诸多挑战日益逼近,整个行业链对包装的要求则更加趋于多元化。多数情况下,国内包装供应商难以满足出口型中小企业的需求,包括国际标准以及成本等方面,国内包装链缺乏对国际惯例、法规和标准等相关知识的了解,因而就需要不断扩展并维持富有竞争力的供应链。并且,企业急需相关信息和指导才能将产品损坏程度降低到最小,使产生的废品最少,同时最大化包装材料的使用,也只有通晓目标市场的相关法规,才能顺利出口以满足市场需求,同时还需要可能地明确和应用国家的包装资源。在这样的情况下,优先考虑合适的包装支持技术和信息的获取,对于发展中国家和经济转型国家的产能建设就显得尤为重要。在出口型中小企业的产能建设方面,他们可能还没有意识到一些细节问题,例如应该努力为产品的货架位置、消费者的关注度和购买决策放手一博；他们将注意力更多的放在了包装成本上,却轻视了包装的营销宣传功能。在本期包装专题中,您将获悉世界包装行业不断进行创新的驱动力,欧盟及美国在包装行业发展方面的相关法规进程,以及日本、印度等国包装市场方面的最新动态等内容(根据2006 ITC会议录音整理)。     

Single-beam data encoding using a holographic angular multiplexing technique

We propose a novel configuration for angular multiplexing holographic encoding in which the signal beam and the reference beam are combined into a single beam. By using a spatial light modulator based on twisted nematic liquid crystals, the signal and the reference beams are modulated in amplitude mode and phase mode, respectively. The multiplexed interference patterns with the reference beams of different incident angles are recorded near the Fourier transform plane, and then the signals are selectively reconstructed by the corresponding reference beam. Both the simulation and the experiment of single-beam angular multiplexed holography are performed with consistent results. Compared with the traditional angular multiplexing holographic recording system, the single-beam configuration is more compact, easier to adjust, and less sensitive to the vibration of the environment. Therefore, it will be more attractive for potential applications in many fields, such as high-density signal recording and data encryption.     

The interactive use of a video database in teacher education: Creating a knowledge base for teaching through a learning community

This study explores how pre-service student teachers acquired knowledge of good teaching practices through the interactive use of a video database and an online discussion forum, where the student teachers shared their teaching videos and received comments or suggestions from members of a learning community. A small group of student teachers was involved in this collaborative learning community during their teaching practicum in their third and fourth years of study. Content analysis of the sharing in the discussion forum and individual student teacher reflections provides insight into the use of a collaborative learning community to create a knowledge base for teaching. Suggestions regarding how this new technology can support teacher education are discussed.     

A cross-national comparison of the adoption of business process reengineering: fashion-setting networks?

Business Process Reengineering (BPR) was developed as a new idea which, it was suggested, could revolutionise the corporation and give it a major competitive advantage by simplifying key business processes and utilising information technology to secure cross-functional communication and focus on customer requirements. Rather than continue the debate about whether BPR is ‘good' or ‘bad', ‘old' or ‘new' (e.g. Earl and Mumford), the focus here is on understanding how the concept ‘BPR', however defined, has been diffused across European firms. The results from a survey of firms in four countries support previous research on the diffusion process with the rate of adoption of BPR related to micro-organisational level variables—characteristics of the firm and the boundary spanning activities of individual members. In addition there were differences across industry sectors and across countries in the extent of adoption of BPR. It is argued that attention to these meso-industry level and macro-national level factors, as well as the micro-organisational level dynamics, will improve our understanding of the relationship between networking and innovation processes. In particular, the paper focuses on how networking activity can be restrictive and lead to the creation of fashions which limit the extent of organisational learning during BPR adoption.     

Real‐Time Imaging of Cell Behaviors in Living Organisms by a Mitochondria‐Targeting AIE Fluorogen

Visualizing behaviors of cell populations within living multicellular organisms in real time is of great value to life science but challenging due to the lack of ideal probes. In this work, a biocompatible fluorogen, azide‐functionalized tetraphenylethene pyridinium (TPE‐PyN₃), is reported for noninvasive imaging and sensing within living systems. TPE‐PyN₃ exhibits unique aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) attributes and high affinity to mitochondria, enabling it to achieve specific mitochondrial imaging and long‐term cellular observing with excellent photostability both in vitro and in vivo. The high membrane penetrability of TPE‐PyN₃ allows all of the cells within the living zebrafish embryos to be morphologically visualized and reconstructed in 3D. Moreover, TPE‐PyN₃ is capable of indicating cell apoptosis because of its sensitivity to the change of mitochondrial membrane potential. The findings presented here provide a simple and noninvasive tool for studying behaviors of cell populations in vivo for the first time by a small‐molecule AIE probe.