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61.
The ablation rate of frozen mixtures of water or wax with finely divided solids subjected to a turbulent axisymmetric water jet was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The range of the water jet Reynolds number was 8700–29300 and the jet temperature varied between 22 and 60°C. The solids used were very fine kaolinite clay, titanium oxide and aluminium powder. The type of solids and their concentration were found to affect the ablation rate of ice-solids and wax-solids mixtures. This is mainly due to changes in the physical properties of the melt layer of the water-solids or wax-solids mixtures which forms between the impinging jet and the frozen mixtures. 相似文献
62.
63.
Rudolf H. Scheffrahn Ruei-Ching Hsu Nan-Yao Su Jacob B. Huffman Sharon L. Midland James J. Sims 《Journal of chemical ecology》1988,14(3):765-776
The heartwood of bald cypress,Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich., resisted feeding attack by the Formosan subterranean termite,Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Hexane-extracted heartwood, however, was consumed at > 12 times the amount of sound heartwood eaten. A bioassay usingT. distichum sapwood as a feeding substrate was employed to assess the antitermitic activity of successive hexane, acetone, and methanol extracts of heartwood shavings and isolates derived from the active hexane extract. Two fractions, eluted from the crude hexane extract by liquid chromatography, significantly reduced termite feeding compared to the parent extract, while a third fraction was less active than the original hexane extract. Each fraction contained one major component. All three components were structurally related diterpenes. The two most active heartwood constituents were identified by GC-MS and NMR as ferruginol and manool, while the third and least active, but most prevalent, compound in heartwood was identified as nezukol. Results of bioassays suggest that these allelochemicals act principally as feeding deterrents with accompanying termite mortality due to starvation. 相似文献
64.
Analysis of the hornet’s hemolymph revealed the presence of C16 and C18 fatty acids (70%), which were accompanied by minor quantities (ranging from 0.1% to 0.6%) of the following acids: C10∶0, C11∶0, C12∶0, C13∶0, C14∶0, C15∶0, C16∶0, and C17∶0. The hemolymph of the queen larvae contained more C18∶1 than the hemolymph of the worker larvae, and the percentage of C16∶1 was higher in the fat body and the midgut than in the hemolymph. The significance of these results is discussed. 相似文献
65.
Manibarathi Vaithiyanathan Hannah C. Hymel Nora Safa Olivia M. Sanchez Jacob H. Pettigrew Cole S. Kirkpatrick Ted J. Gauthier Adam T. Melvin 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2021,67(1):e17087
Most cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are unstructured and susceptible to proteolytic degradation. One alternative is to incorporate D-chirality amino acids into unstructured CPPs to allow for enhanced uptake and intracellular stability. This work investigates CPP internalization using a series of time, concentration, temperature, and energy dependent studies, resulting in a three-fold increase in uptake and 50-fold increase in stability of D-chirality peptides over L-chirality counterparts. CPP internalization occurred via a combination of direct penetration and endocytosis, with a percentage of internalized CPP expelling from cells in a time-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies identified that cells exported the intact internalized D-chirality CPPs via an exocytosis independent pathway, analogous to a direct penetration method out of the cells. These findings highlight the potential of a D-chirality CPP as bio-vector in therapeutic and biosensing applications, but also identify a new expulsion method suggesting a relationship between uptake kinetics, intracellular stability, and export kinetics. 相似文献
66.
Epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with 0–5 wt% cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) were fabricated by solution casting method. The CNCs were first dispersed in the hardener together with a co-solvent and subsequently mixed with epoxy monomer using two different protocols: bulk mixing and dropwise mixing. The dropwise mixing resulted in more homogeneously-dispersed CNCs and provided better mechanical properties, particularly higher tensile strength, tensile modulus, and work of fracture with increasing CNC content. Investigation of various CNC/hardener mixtures with different solvent content showed that the residual solvent in the composite mixture had an impact on the curing behavior of the nanocomposite epoxy and may have lowered its crosslinking density, leading to Tg depression. However, the presence of the solvent was shown to be essential for the preparation of a well-dispersed CNC phase in the hardener solution, and to form homogenous composite mixtures. Our results show that the reinforcement effect due to higher CNC concentration is more significant than the solvent effect in the hardener system and shows greater improvement in mechanical properties. The CNC component reversed the solvent plasticizing effect through its superior mechanical reinforcing effects, and the dropwise mixing process led to better dispersion compared with the bulk mixing process. 相似文献
67.
68.
Phase relations in the systems SrO-Y2O3-CuO-O2 and CaO-Y2O3-CuO-O2 at 1173 K were estab-lished by equilibrating different compositions in flowing oxygen gas at a pressure of 1.01 × 105 Pa. The quenched samples were examined by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dis-persive analysis of X-rays
(EDAX), and electron spin resonance (ESR). In the system SrO-Y2O3-CuO-O2, except for the limited substitution of Y3+ for Sr2+ ions in the ternary oxide Sr14 Cu24O41, no new quaternary phase was found to be stable. The compositions corresponding to the solid solution Sr14-xYxCu24O41 and the compound SrCuO2+δ lie above the plane containing SrO, Y2O3, and CuO, displaced towards the oxygen apex. However, in the system CaO-Y2O3-CuO-O2 at 1173 K, all the condensed phases lie on the plane containing CaO, Y2O3, and CuO, and a new quaternary oxide YCa2Cu3O6.5 is present. The quaternary phase has a composition that lies at the center of the non-stoichiometric field of the analogous
phase YBa2Cu3O7-δ in the BaO-Y2O3-CuO-O2 system. The com-pound YCa2Cu3O6.5 has the tetragonal structure and does not become superconducting at low temperature. Surprisingly, phase relations in the
three systems CaO-Y2O3-CuO-O2, SrO-Y2O3-CuO-O2, and BaO-Y2O3-CuO-O2 are found to be quite different. 相似文献
69.
J.D. Rasmussen T.-C. Tsao R.D. Hanson S.G. Kapoor 《International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture》1994,34(3)
This paper describes the design of a piezoelectric actuated cutting tool and implementation of digital servo controls for machining surfaces with dynamically varying depth of cut. Through a flexure hinge, the tool holder could generate 50 μm travel at the tip of the cutting insert. Tool motion errors of less than 0.5 μm were achieved in tracking cyclic waveforms by employing a digital repetitive servo control. When applied to turning aluminum and steel workpieces with variable depth of cut using carbide tools, less than 5 μm machined surface errors were measured. 相似文献
70.
Electrical (solder resistivity and solder joint resistance) and mechanical (tensile strength and shear strength of solder
joints) parameters of the binary eutectic Sn-Ag and two alloys close to the ternary eutectic Sn-Ag-Cu composition were investigated.
The four-probe technique was used for the measurement of electrical parameters. Special equipment was constructed for the
tensile strength measurements and also for determination of the shear strengths of solder joints between a typical circuit
component and a Cu contact on a printed circuit board (PCB). It was found that electrical and mechanical properties of the
three alloys studied are comparable to data in the literature for traditional Pb-Sn solders. A joint resistance below 0.3
mΩ (Ω=ohm) and shear strength of above 20 MPa were found for an individual solder joint between a circuit component (in the
current study a “jumper” resistor) and a copper surface on a PCB. 相似文献