Personality–relationship transaction in young adulthood.

Personality and social relationships were assessed twice across a 4-year period in a general population sample of 489 German young adults. Two kinds of personality–relationship transaction were observed. First, mean-level change in personality toward maturity (e.g., increase in Conscientiousness and decrease in Neuroticism) was moderated by the transition to partnership but was independent of other developmental transitions. Second, individual differences in personality traits predicted social relationships much better than vice versa. Specifically, once initial correlations were controlled for, Extraversion, Shyness, Neuroticism, self-esteem, and Agreeableness predicted change in various qualities of relationships (especially with friends and colleagues), whereas only quality of relationships with preschool children predicted later Extraversion and Neuroticism. Consequences for the transactional view of personality in young adulthood are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Optimization models for operative planning in drinking water networks

The topic of this paper is minimum cost operative planning of pressurized water supply networks over a finite horizon and under reliable demand forecast. Since this is a very hard problem, it is desirable to employ sophisticated mathematical algorithms, which in turn calls for carefully designed models with suitable properties. The paper develops a nonlinear mixed integer model and a nonlinear programming model with favorable properties for gradient-based optimization methods, based on smooth component models for the network elements. In combination with further nonlinear programming techniques (Burgschweiger et al. in ZIB Report ZR-05-31, Zuse Institute Berlin, 2005), practically satisfactory near-optimum solutions even for large networks can be generated in acceptable time using standard optimization software on a PC workstation. Such an optimization system is in operation at Berliner Wasserbetriebe.     

Mixed crystalline films of co-evaporated hydrogen- and fluorine-terminated phthalocyanines and their application in photovoltaic devices

Blends of organic electron and hole conductive materials are widely used for ambipolar charge carrier transport and photovoltaic cells. An obvious choice for donor–acceptor blends are organic semiconducting materials in their hydrogenated and fluorinated form, since they combine potentially suitable electronic properties with structural compatibility of the two constituents. This study focuses on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of blends using hydrogenated copper-phthalocyanine (H₁₆CuPc) in combination with its per-fluorinated version (F₁₆CuPc). Using X-ray scattering, scanning force microscopy and optical absorption measurements we show that mixed crystalline films are obtained by co-evaporation of the two materials. Electrical transport measurements reveal a profound reduction of the current for bipolar charge injection in mixed films. We discuss the formation of self-trapped charge transfer excitons as possible explanation for this unexpected behaviour, which impedes the usability of this system in photovoltaic cells.     

Application of the Tauc-Lorentz formulation to the interband absorption of optical coating materials

Recent progress in ellipsometry instrumentation permits precise measurement and characterization of optical coating materials in the deep-UV wavelength range. Dielectric coating materials exhibit their first electronic interband transition in this spectral range. The Tauc-Lorentz model is a powerful tool with which to parameterize interband absorption above the band edge. The application of this model for the parameterization of the optical absorption of TiO2, Ta2O5, HfO2, Al2O3, and LaF3 thin-film materials is described.     

Miniature cylindrical ion trap mass spectrometer

A miniature cylindrical ion trap mass spectrometer is described, and preliminary data are presented. Functionality and performance of laboratory-scale instruments have been maintained to the extent possible in this battery-operated mass spectrometer. Capabilities include tandem mass spectrometry experiments. Custom-designed electronic components include the RF scanning and amplification system, data acquisition components, and lens power supplies, as well as a custom-software application. Direct leak and membrane introduction inlet systems are used for sample introduction. A mass/charge range of approximately 250 Th with unit mass resolution has been demonstrated.     

Singular value decomposition improves accuracy and reliability of T-septum waveguide field-matching analysis

A singular value decomposition (SVD) is used to solve the characteristic matrix equation of 2 different field-matching analyses as applied to T-septum waveguide structures. It is demonstrated that SVD avoids the need for complicated numerical zero-detection algorithms, eliminates the major disadvantages of the classical field-matching technique, and hence, improves the accuracy and reliability of the computed results. The values obtained are in close agreement with available theoretical data and measurements.     

Einfluß einiger Legierungselemente auf die Festigkeitssteigerung von Stählen durch eine Austenitformhärtung

Zugversuche mit Ermittlung der üblichen Kennwerte und teils auch der 0,01-Grenze an austenitformgehärteten, anschlieβend bis zu 700°C angelassenen und an nach der gleichen Temperatur-Zeit-Folge “lediglich” vergüteten Proben aus fünf Stählen mit jeweils rd. 0,35% C, 5% Cr und dazu Legierungsanteilen in wechselnder Kombination von 1,6% Si, 3,0 bis 3,25% Co und 3,15 bis 3,3% Ni. Erörterung der Ergebnisse vor allem mit Folgerungen über die bei unterschiedlichem Umformgrad der Austenitformhärtung im Gefüge maβgeblichen Verfestigungsvorgänge.