Extreme radiation hardness and light-weighted thin-film indium phosphide solar cell and its computer simulation

A very light-weighted and extreme radiation hardness high-doping n⁺-i-p⁺ InP solar cell is developed. The total thickness of its epitaxial layer is only 0.22 μm. It is more radiation hardened than many other structures so that it can provide the required output power for spacecraft even after a decade at 3200 km polar orbits. Its end of life efficiency is about 10% (AM0, 1Sun); its highest power/weight ratio is about 130 W/g (only the weight of epitaxial layers is considered). The surprising fact is that all of these are obtained from a very simple structure.     

比较苹果与橙子

这是在美国乃至全球BIM领域一篇"里程碑式"的文章,它使BIM一词从那以后变得广为人知。该文讲述了杰里·莱瑟林(Jerry Laiserin)出面协调各方来统一"BIM"所代表的事物的重大意义。在此之前,每个软件商都有自己的名词术语,行业内没有对于"BIM"这今天看来很热门的名词的共识。杰里把此信发给业内众多软件商和许多专业组织,建议大家共用一个名词——BIM。这篇文章可以帮助人们了解BIM作为一个名词术语的真实的演变历程。     

BIM的衍生第二部分:过程创新

此前,我在这个系列文章中提出了一个基于表述系统的BIM(建筑信息建模)的定义.这个表述系统生成和管理一个建筑的,多维的、数据丰富的“视图”,它们从设计前到建成后的整个建筑生命周期中被用于多种不同用途.进而,我又阐述了这种“建模”(Modeling),或者称为模型的生成与维护应该被视为过程,爱德华兹·戴明(W.Edward Deming)[1]定义的那个过程;而不是大多数人所认为的、简化了的,将BIM视作软件或软件生成的数据集、或数据模型.     

Selection for central excitation in Drosophila melanogaster..

In 2 populations of fruit fly, bidirectional selection and single-pair matings for high and low expression of central excitatory state (CES) in 4 experiments succeeded in producing from one a high, but not a low, CES line, and from the other a low, but not a high, CES line. Compared with results from the selection studies of the blow fly, Phormia regina, in which 1 major gene correlate of CES has been found, the present results suggest that in D. melanogaster there are several gene correlates of CES, opposite alleles of some of which have become fixed in the divergent lines. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Examining clinical judgment in an adaptive intervention design: The fast track program.

Although clinical judgment is often used in assessment and treatment planning, rarely has research examined its reliability, validity, or impact in practice settings. This study tailored the frequency of home visits in a prevention program for aggressive- disruptive children (n = 410; 56% minority) on the basis of 2 kinds of clinical judgment: ratings of parental functioning using a standardized multi-item scale and global assessments of family need for services. Stronger reliability and better concurrent and predictive validity emerged for the 1st kind of clinical judgment than for the 2nd. Exploratory analyses suggested that using ratings of parental functioning to tailor treatment recommendations improved the impact of the intervention by the end of 3rd grade but using more global assessments of family need did not. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

嵌入式系统软件调试跟踪技术的发展趋势

在过去的几十年里，嵌入式工程师在开发和调试中已经越来越依赖于跟踪缓存的帮助。但随着100MHz频率以上的高速RISC处理器的普及，片内Cache、RAM和FLASH存储器逐渐变得越来越普遍。越来越多的处理器总线活动将无法在外部管脚上观测。这样，传统的收集跟踪信息的方法就不再可行了。     

Stability in the midst of change: A dispositional approach to job attitudes.

Analyzed data on the job satisfaction of over 5,000 45–59 yr old males to investigate the dispositional argument that job attitudes are consistent within individuals, showing stability both over time and across situations. Data were collected longitudinally over multiple waves, with the majority of the sample assessed on job satisfaction during 1966, 1969, and 1971. Results show significant stability of attitudes over a 5-yr time period and significant cross-situational consistency when individuals changed employers and/or occupations. Prior attitudes were also a stronger predictor of subsequent job satisfaction than either changes in pay or the social status of the job. Implications of these results for developing dispositional theories of work behavior are discussed, along with possible implications for popular situational theories (e.g., job design, social information processing). (40 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An empirical study of some election systems.

Uses presidential election data of the American Psychological Association for 5 yrs to compare a number of election systems in frequency of selecting Condorcet winners, consistency over subslates, and the effect of relevant and irrelevant candidates. The results from each system could be scaled in 1 dimension for each of the 5 elections, using the Kemeny metric. These scales were closely related to the weighting given to the variance of the candidates' rankings. An interpretation is given in terms of the polarizing effect of a candidate on an electorate. Election systems are discussed as strategies for the accumulation of subelectorates to reach a decisive set of voters. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effect of electron concentration on the thermodynamic properties of two alloy phases in the Al-Zn-Ag system

A reversible electrochemical cell was used to determine the thermodynamic activity of aluminum in a series of α-phase Al-Zn and Al-Zn-Ag alloys, and a dew-point technique was used to determine the thermodynamic activity of zinc in a series of ε-phase Ag-Zn-Al alloys. The compositions investigated for both systems included those at which previous authors had related the stability of the phase to electronic factors. The data are presented in the form of graphs showing the excess relative partial molal Gibbs free energy of aluminum, (Δ•G_A1 ^xs), and zinc, (Δ•G_Zn ^xs), as a function of both mole fraction(X _i ) and electron-to-atom ratio (e/a). The latter curves are interpreted to be indications that the effect of electron concentration upon alloy phase stability has been experimentally isolated. Equations are developed which predict the effects of ternary additions in these alloy systems. The rigid-band model is shown to be incapable of predicting the direction of the effect and an argument based upon electron screening of ion-ion interactions is offered. Formerly Graduate Students, Metallurgy Department, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash. This paper constituted a portion of the theses submitted by RONALD E. MILLER and JERRY L. STRAALSUND in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering Science at Washington State University.     

Technoeconomic aspects of central photovoltaic power plants

The economic feasibility of central photovoltaic power plants is investigated from the perspective of an electric power utility company. The maximum acceptable price of the system is established, as a function of conventional fuel costs. Factors which would enhance the economic attractiveness of the system are analyzed. These factors include; increases in conventional fuel costs, decreases in photovoltaic system costs and subsidies to attract utility companies.

Abstract

On étudie ici les possibilités économiques d'installations d'énergie par centrales photovoltaïques du point de vue d'une Société de services d'énergie. Le prix maximum acceptable pour le système est établi en fonction des coûts habituels du carburant. Les facteurs qui pourraient mettre en valeur l'intérêt économique du système sont analysés. Ces facteurs comprenment: les hausses des coûts des carburants habituels, les baisses des coûts du système photovoltaïque et les subventions accordées pour intéresser les Sociétés de service.