Method for detecting random answers on personality questionnaires.

Developed and evaluated several strategies for detection of randomly answered protocols for the 16 pf using 250 undergraduates. Cattell's sabotage index predicted poorly, indeed in the wrong direction, between normal and randomly answered sheets (t = 2.10, p = .05). Random and carelessness indexes were derived and predicted very well, providing ts of 15.02 and 12.67 (significant at well beyond the .001 level), respectively, between random and normal sheets. Both indexes, while correctly selecting 86 and 88% of the random answer sheets, respectively, incorrectly picked out only about 6% of the normal group. Since the design of the study included a form of cross-validation, it is suggested that these indexes might be of great practical use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Defensiveness on the MMPI as a function of the warmth of test introduction.

Hypothesized that a warmer introduction to the MMPI would reduce defensiveness as measured by the K and F-K scores and permit the revelation of more psychiatric symptoms. Over a 7-mo period the MMPI with either a warm or cold introduction was administered to a total of 61 mothers and 47 fathers of children being evaluated in a child psychiatric clinic. The K scores were significantly higher and the F-K scores significantly lower for the cold-form group. Mothers who received the warm form scored higher on the F scale, while fathers did not differ across forms. It is concluded that, while an increase in honesty resulted from the manipulation of the forms, there was little evidence to indicate that there was also an increase in the acknowledgment of psychiatric problems. It is suggested that high K and low F-K scores, rather than indicating the covering up of symptoms, are an assertion of psychological health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of personal protective eyewear on postural stability

Vision is a significant factor in postural stability; this study is the first to report on the effect of OSHA regulated personal protective eyewear on physiological factors associated with postural stability. Twenty college students between the ages of 19 and 25 were randomly tested in each of three eyewear conditions (control, new, and artificially aged) using a NeuroCom Balance Master System and the mCTSIB protocol. Subjects were pre-tested with no eyewear (control) on each day followed by a 5-min assembly task with random eyewear assignment. Subjects were then post-tested following the same protocol while wearing the eyewear. Data were evaluated using a two (pre/post) x three (eyewear) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). There was a significant main effect for both the eyes open/firm flat surface, and eyes open/foam flat surface conditions (p 相似文献   

Regenerating MR tagged images using harmonic phase (HARP) methods

Magnetic resonance tagging has proven useful in the visualization and quantification of cardiac motion. Traditionally, tags are designed to have crisp geometric profiles in order to enhance both visualization and detection of tags. Recent image acquisition and analysis methods, however, have been designed to exploit sinusoidal tag profiles. This paper presents a method based on harmonic phase (HARP) concepts to synthesize tag lines that have both crisp profiles and alternative orientations from the original sinusoidal patterns. Results are demonstrated on images acquired with SPAMM, CSPAMM, and fast-HARP pulse sequences.     

Characterization of the binding site for inhibitors of the HPV11 E1-E2 protein interaction on the E2 transactivation domain by photoaffinity labeling and mass spectrometry

An indandione-containing class of inhibitors abrogates DNA replication of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 by binding reversibly to the transactivation domain (TAD) of the viral E2 protein and inhibiting its interaction with the viral E1 helicase. To locate the binding site of this class of protein-protein interaction inhibitors, a benzophenone derivative was used to generate an irreversibly labeled E2-TAD polypeptide. The single site of covalent modification of the E2-TAD was identified by proteolytic digestions using trypsin, LysC, and V8 proteases and characterization of the resulting peptides by LC-MS procedures. Through this methodology, the benzophenone attachment point was located at the terminal methyl of residue Met101. Evidence further pinpointed the site of photoaffinity attachment to the terminal carbon atom, which is significant in providing a definitive example of the ability to locate photoinduced cross-linking to a polypeptide with atomic resolution using solely mass spectrometric detection. The location of the inhibitor binding site vis-à-vis the Glu39 and Glu100 residues sensitive to mutation for HPV 11 E2-TAD is discussed in relation to the crystal structure of the E2-TAD from the related HPV type 16.     

Terpenoids as major precursors of dissolved organic matter in landfill leachates,surface water,and groundwater

13C NMR analyses of hydrophobic dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions isolated from a landfill leachate contaminated groundwater near Norman, OK; the Colorado River aqueduct near Los Angeles, CA; Anaheim Lake, an infiltration basin for the Santa Ana River in Orange County, CA; and groundwater from the Tomago Sand Beds, near Sydney, Australia, found branched methyl groups and quaternary aliphatic carbon structures that are indicative of terpenoid hydrocarbon precursors. Significant amounts of lignin precursors, commonly postulated to be the major source of DOM, were found only in trace quantities by thermochemolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the Norman Landfill and Tomago Sand Bed hydrophobic DOM fractions. Electrospray/tandem mass spectrometry of the Tomago Sand Bed hydrophobic acid DOM found an ion series differing by 14 daltons, which is indicative of aliphatic and aryl-aliphatic polycarboxylic acids. The product obtained from ozonation of the resin acid, abietic acid, gave a similar ion series. Terpenoid precursors of DOM are postulated to be derived from resin acid paper sizing agents in the Norman Landfill, algal and bacterial terpenoids in the Colorado River and Anaheim Lake, and terrestrial plant terpenoids in the Tomago Sand Beds.     

Reduction of poliovirus 1, bacteriophages,Salmonella montevideo,and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on strawberries by physical and disinfectant washes

The efficacy levels of different physical and chemical washing treatments in the reduction of viral and bacterial pathogens from inoculated strawberries were evaluated. Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Montevideo, poliovirus 1, and the bacteriophages PRD1, phiX174, and MS2 were used as model and surrogate organisms. Chemicals readily available to producers and/or consumers were evaluated as antimicrobial additives for the production of washes. The gentle agitation of contaminated strawberries in water for 2 min led to reductions in microbial populations ranging from 41 to 79% and from 62 to 90% at water temperatures of 22 and 43 degrees C, respectively. Significant reductions (> 98%) in numbers of bacteria and viruses were obtained with sodium hypochlorite (50 to 300 ppm of free chlorine), Oxine or Carnebon (200 ppm of product generating "stabilized chlorine dioxide"), Tsunami (100 ppm of peroxyacetic acid), and Alcide (100 or 200 ppm of acidified sodium chlorite) washes. Overall, 200 ppm of acidified sodium chlorite produced the greatest reductions of microorganisms. Hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) was slightly less effective than free chlorine in a strawberry wash and caused slight fruit discoloration. Cetylpyridinium chloride (0.1%) was effective in the reduction of bacterial species, while trisodium phosphate (1%) was effective against viruses. The consumer-oriented produce wash Fit was very effective (> 99%) in reducing the numbers of bacteria but not in reducing the numbers of viruses. Another wash, Healthy Harvest, was significantly less effective than Fit in reducing bacterial pathogens but more effective for viruses. The performance of automatic dishwashing detergent was similar to that of Healthy Harvest and significantly better than that of liquid dishwashing detergent. Solutions containing table salt (2% NaCl) or vinegar (10%) reduced the numbers of bacteria by about 90%, whereas only the vinegar wash reduced the numbers of viruses significantly (ca. 95%).     

An Eulerian PDE approach for computing tissue thickness

We outline an Eulerian framework for computing the thickness of tissues between two simply connected boundaries that does not require landmark points or parameterizations of either boundary. Thickness is defined as the length of correspondence trajectories, which run from one tissue boundary to the other, and which follow a smooth vector field constructed in the region between the boundaries. A pair of partial differential equations (PDEs) that are guided by this vector field are then solved over this region, and the sum of their solutions yields the thickness of the tissue region. Unlike other approaches, this approach does not require explicit construction of any correspondence trajectories. An efficient, stable, and computationally fast solution to these PDEs is found by careful selection of finite differences according to an upwinding condition. The behavior and performance of our method is demonstrated on two simulations and two magnetic resonance imaging data sets in two and three dimensions. These experiments reveal very good performance and show strong potential for application in tissue thickness visualization and quantification.     

Determination of N-glycosylation sites and site heterogeneity in glycoproteins

An approach for the characterization of glycosylation sites and oligosaccharide heterogeneity in glycoproteins based on a combination of nonspecific proteolysis, deglycosylation, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (MALDI-FT MS) is described. Glycoproteins were digested with Pronase yielding primarily glycopeptides and amino acids. Nonglycosylated peptide fragments were susceptible to complete Pronase digestion to their constituent amino acids. Steric hindrance prohibited the digestion of the peptide moiety attached to the glycan. Glycopeptides were desalted and concentrated using solid-phase extraction and analyzed by MALDI MS. The oligosaccharides were also analyzed by MALDI MS after releasing the glycans from glycoproteins using PNGase F. The peptide moiety of the glycopeptides was identified by subtracting the masses of the glycans derived from PNGase F treatment from the masses of the glycopeptides. The experimental strategy was validated using glycoproteins with known oligosaccharide structures, ribonuclease B and chicken ovalbumin. This procedure was then used to determine the N-glycosylation sites and site heterogeneity of a glycoprotein whose glycosylation pattern was unknown, namely, the Xenopus laevis egg cortical granule lectin. This procedure is useful for determining protein site heterogeneity and structural heterogeneities of the oligosaccharide moiety of glycoproteins.