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151.
A fundamental rheological method was used to study the freeze-thaw stability of hydroxypropyl potato starch pastes. The effect of the number of freeze-thaw cycles on the changes in complex modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ) during heating of the thawed starch pastes was evaluated by comparing the rheological measurements with the measurements of syneresis at different centrifugal forces. The centrifugal forces influenced the detection of the first syneresis as well as the extent of syneresis, with regard to the number of freeze-thaw cycles. When starch pastes exhibited syneresis, the G* formed a distinctive peak during heating at 52.5–53.8C. The magnitude of the peak became bigger with number of freeze-thaw cycles. Furthermore, the results of this rheological method give information on the destabilization process and provide a simple method for detection and prediction of the extent of freeze-thaw stability of starch paste. With this method, the effect of the storage period at –20C, and the freezing rate, on the extent of freeze-damage of starch pastes could be investigated successfully. 相似文献
152.
Tzyy-Shuh Chang Allen C. Ward Jinkoo Lee Edwin H. Jacox 《Research in Engineering Design》1994,6(4):211-222
Simultaneous engineering processes involve multifunctional teams; team members simultaneously make decisions about many parts of the product-production system and aspects of the product life cycle. This paper argues that such simultaneous distributed decisions should be based on communications about sets of possibilities rather than single solutions. By extending Taguchi's parameter design concepts, we develop a robust and distributed decision-making procedure based on such communications. The procedure shows how a member of a design team can make appropriate decisions based on incomplete information from the other members of the team. More specifically, it (1) treats variations among the designs considered by other members of the design team asconceptual noise; (2) shows how to incorporate such noises into decisions that are robust against these variations; (3) describes a method for using the same data to provide preference information back to the other team members; and (4) provides a procedure for determining whether to release theconceptually robust design or to wait for further decisions by others. The method is demonstrated by part of a distributed design process for a rotary CNC milling machine. While Taguchi's approach is used as a starting point because it is widely known, these results can be generalized to use other robust decision techniques. 相似文献
153.
A sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method for analysis of (-)epicatechin (3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavan) in cocoa beans is described. Bean samples were extracted in 80% acetone with subsequent sample clean-up on a Waters Associates C18 SEPPAK. Separation of (-)-epicatechin was accomplished on a μBondapak C18 column using a mobile phase of water:methanol:acetic acid (87:8:5). (-)-Epicatechin was detected at 280 nm and quantified by comparing peak height of sample to those of standards. The method demonstrated excellent reproducibility and recoveries of added (-)epicatechin averaged over 90%. UV scans and mass spectrometric anlaysis of collected eluate from the chromatograph provided positive identification of the compound in cocoa bean extracts. 相似文献
154.
To overcome various limitations of conventional viscometers in measuring salted or unsalted surimi paste, a capillary extrusion viscometer was developed. The viscosity of surimi paste was measured as a function of moisture content (MC) (75–80%), salt content (2–4%) and liquid egg white (LEW) content (2–4%). As moisture, salt and LEW contents increased, viscosity gradually decreased. The viscosity values, as affected by MCs, showed a highly negative relationship with fracture properties of surimi gel, especially shear stress from the torsion test, indicating that MC is linearly correlated to the strength of gels at fracture. This easy and quick viscosity measurement can effectively facilitate the production control of comminuted muscle foods, including surimi paste.
There had been a difficulty to measure the exact viscosity of comminuted muscle food pastes when conventional viscometers were used. This was due to the non-linearity between dilution rates and viscosity of muscle paste, or limited range of shear rate during viscosity measurement. New developed small capillary extrusion viscometer can measure a wide range of comminuted muscle paste viscosity. When using this capillary viscometer, flow behavior of non-Newtonian surimi paste and other comminuted muscle paste can be well defined. 相似文献
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
There had been a difficulty to measure the exact viscosity of comminuted muscle food pastes when conventional viscometers were used. This was due to the non-linearity between dilution rates and viscosity of muscle paste, or limited range of shear rate during viscosity measurement. New developed small capillary extrusion viscometer can measure a wide range of comminuted muscle paste viscosity. When using this capillary viscometer, flow behavior of non-Newtonian surimi paste and other comminuted muscle paste can be well defined. 相似文献
155.
156.
在薄膜固体氧化物燃料电池中,为增加发生电化学反应的三相界面面积,燃料极和空气极通常制备成离子-电子混合传导性质的多孔形态。该研究将燃料极电化学反应(氢氧化反应)的催化剂——镍(Ni)和氧离子传导性好的氧化钪稳定的氧化锆(ScSZ)混合制备成离子-电子混合传导燃料极。实验结果显示,与纯 Ni 燃料极相比,所制备的 Ni/ScSZ 燃料极因其三相界面面积的增加,可显著降低极化电阻,但同时欧姆电阻也显著增加,从而最终导致燃料电池单池性能总体下降。 相似文献
157.
The use of design method considering a coil temperature to maximize the thrust density of a double side coreless permanent
magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) was presented. The optimal current density where the coil temperature reaches an allowable
temperature with heat analysis was applied to a magnetic circuit design. Changing optimal current density is verified whenever
the design parameters of the motor are altered. The design parameters of the motor were applied to thrust calculation. In
this way, the optimal model, which is a reversal of the existing design method, is deduced. The results were compared with
the experimental data to verify their validity. When the convection heat transfer coefficient is applied to other models,
the results of the analysis and test values show good concordance. The method proposed has some limitations. 相似文献
158.
A discontinuity of magnetic circuits according to the end effect is generated in the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM).Due to the unbalanced back electro-motive force (EMF) and impedance produced,unbalanced current is generated.The circulating current,which is caused by a decrease in the thrust,is generated by the unbalanced current.The optimal design of auxiliary-teeth at the end of the mover was carried out to solve the unbalance of phase by using design of experiment (DOE),and compared wi... 相似文献
159.
通过不同温度热挤压处理、力学性能测试和组织形貌观察,研究了热挤压处理对AZ31-0.25%Sb镁合金组织与性能的影响.结果表明:热挤压处理可有效提高合金的力学性能,经220 ℃热挤压处理,合金的室温抗拉强度由263 MPa提高到297.6 MPa,屈服强度由96 MPa提高到222.1 MPa,提高幅度达131.4%;热挤压处理提高AZ31-0.5Sb%合金强度的原因是:挤压期间产生了形变强化和发生的动态再结晶,形变产生的高密度位错可提高合金的抗拉强度,而发生动态再结晶形成的细小晶粒可有效提高合金的屈服强度. 相似文献
160.
Ln0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3 (Ln=La, Pr, Nd, Sm) perovskite-type complex oxides were synthesized using a glycine-nitrate process, and the structure, electrical conducting and thermal expansion properties of the resulting ceramics were examined with regard to the nature of the lanthanide cations. The results indicated that the La, Pr and Nd specimens had a rhombohedral symmetry, while an orthorhombic structure was determined for the Sm specimen. The pseudo-cubic lattice constant decreased with smaller lanthanide cations. It was found that the electrical conducting properties declined with decreasing lanthanide cation size. Fortunately, all the compositions remained rather high electrical conductivities exceeding 650Ω1.cm-1 in the intermediate temperature range (600-800℃). An appreciable thermal expansion increase at high temperatures was detected for all the compositions. Decreasing the size of the lanthanide cations resulted in an increase of thermal expansion. With respect to the high electrical conductivities, the Ln0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3 oxides are considered to be acceptable as mixed conducting component in composite cathode designs together with doped ceria electrolytes. 相似文献