Wear of diamond particles for grinding ceramics

The relative wear of a single point diamond, defined in terms of the grinding force, was determined for a group of A1₂O₃ and Si₃N₄. It was found that the wear rate is directly related to the mechanical properties of the workpiece and the grinding environment.     

EFFECT OF MESH DISTORTION ON THE ACCURACY OF TRANSVERSE SHEAR STRESSES AND THEIR SENSITIVITY COEFFICIENTS IN MULTILAYERED COMPOSITES

SUMMARY

A study is made of the effect of mesh distortion on the accuracy of transverse shear stresses and their first-order and second-order sensitivity coefficients in multilayered composite panels subjected to mechanical and thermal loads. The panels are discretized by using a two-field degenerate solid element, with the fundamental unknowns consisting of both displacement and strain components, and the displacement components having a linear variation throughout the thickness of the laminate. A two-step computational procedure is used for evaluating the transverse shear stresses. In the first step, the in-plane stresses in the different layers are calculated at the numerical quadrature points for each element. In the second step, the transverse shear stresses are evaluated by using piecewise integration, in the thickness direction, of the three-dimensional equilibrium equations. The same procedure is used for evaluating the sensitivity coefficients of transverse shear stresses. Numerical results are presented showing no noticeable degradation in the accuracy of the in-plane stresses and their sensitivity coefficients with mesh distortion. However, such degradation is observed for the transverse shear stresses and their sensitivity coefficients. The standard of comparison is taken to be the exact solution of the three-dimensional thermoelasticity equations of the panel.     

Analysis of manufacturing effects on fatigue failure of an automotive component using finite element methods

In this study, the fatigue life of an automotive suspension component was analysed using finite element methods with regard to stamping and welding effects. Because automotive suspension components are produced by forming and welding sheet metal, there are various effects on the final product, such as uneven thickness distribution, residual stresses and weld notches. Manufacturing effects may change the mechanical performance of the automotive components; therefore, it is desirable to consider these effects in the early design stage. Residual stresses due to work hardening and thermal deformation were investigated through process simulation. The redistribution and relaxation of residual stresses in a component were investigated in fatigue life analysis under a cyclic loading condition. Various equivalent relaxation curves were investigated and one was selected after comparisons with test results. The fatigue simulation results were compared to the test results; a good correlation between the two was achieved for the residual stress effects in terms of life cycles and failure locations. The simulation results also show that welding produces more detrimental effects than stamping with regard to the fatigue life of a component.     

Investigation of the drying temperature dependence of the orientation in sol–gel processed PZT thin films

The crystal orientations of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films have been investigated by using various drying temperatures in the sol–gel process. The films were dried at different temperatures between 310 and 350°C for pyrolysis and then were heat treated at 650°C using rapid thermal annealing (RTA). TG/DTA and FTIR spectroscopy were used to detect the remnants of organic materials in the thin films prior to the final heat treatment. In order to examine the relationship between the film orientation and the remaining organic materials for the prior and final heat treatment, the films were fabricated with different coating cycles and dried for different holding times and then annealed at 650°C. The preferred orientations were investigated using X-ray diffraction. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

HYSYS的二次开发及其在多组分气体膜分离过程模拟中的应用

通过把自行开发的膜分离数学模拟软件嵌入HYSYS,形成了膜分离计算模块(M-100),成功实现对商业化工计算软件进行二次开发.与其它类似软件的对比显示,该模块用于多组分气体膜分离过程模拟时具有较高的可靠性.在此基础上运用该软件对含CO2多组分气体膜分离过程进行了模拟计算.计算结果显示:采用单级膜分离过程,渗透气循环工艺的分离效率高于尾气循环工艺,但能耗较高;采用多级膜分离过程,串联工艺分离产物中CO2的浓度较高,而并联工艺渗透气流量较高,通过串/并联组合可获得较理想的分离效果.     

朝鲜平南盆地泥盆纪化石的发现及其地质意义

平南盆地位于中朝地台东缘朝鲜半岛中部.平南盆地古生界比较发育,特别是盆地中南部地区发育寒武系、奥陶系和志留系,仅在盆地东南部谷山、法洞地区发现了晚奥陶世到志留纪的地层,其它地区末曾发现过晚奥陶世到平石炭世的地层.最近在平南盆地中部平壤之东原中奥陶统(晚达组)上部发现了Chaetetes cf.nantanensis,Calceola sp.,Thamnopora sp.,Cladopora sp.等指示泥盆纪的化石;该含化石层的走向延续性比较好,延伸长度2～3 km.基于上述研究,认为原来的中奥陶统(晚达组)上部可能为泥盆系.在中朝地台,除了西缘和西南缘地区以外,大部分地区没有发现晚奥陶世-早石炭世的地层,只有辽东太子河流域本溪组的地质时代被认定为早石炭世晚期到晚石炭世早期.这些泥盆纪、早石炭世化石都发育在中朝地台东部,说明古生代时期中朝地台西郝和东部沉积环境及构造演化有差别,因而对于中朝地台古生代古地理和构造演化需要重新认识.     

Effects of solidification structure on tear resistance of Al–7% Si–0.4% Mg cast alloys

The tear resistance behaviour of Al–7% Si–0.4% Mg cast alloys was examined using Kahn‐type tear test specimens. Tests were performed for two permanent mould casts with an ordinary dendrite structure and a semi‐liquid die cast with a globular cell and fine grain structure. The microstructure of the two permanent mould casts was controlled by the cooling rates and the addition of Ti elements. Tear resistance was evaluated by the ‘pop‐in’ stress, the energies required for crack initiation, UE_i and the crack propagation, UE_p. Special attention was paid to an effective microstructural parameter for tear resistance improvement. Pop‐in, indicating sudden crack extension and arrest, was observed in all specimens. Homogeneous deformation occurs near the notch tip of the semi‐liquid die cast, characterized by a refined grain structure. Refinement of the grain size is more effective than that of the dendrite cell size or eutectic Si particle size to increase the energy for crack initiation. Unit propagation energy, UE_p, can be converted into a critical stress intensity factor, K_c, which in the semi‐liquid die cast was improved due to an increased amount of slant or shear fracture surface.     

Conceptual robustness in simultaneous engineering: An extension of Taguchi's parameter design

Simultaneous engineering processes involve multifunctional teams; team members simultaneously make decisions about many parts of the product-production system and aspects of the product life cycle. This paper argues that such simultaneous distributed decisions should be based on communications about sets of possibilities rather than single solutions. By extending Taguchi's parameter design concepts, we develop a robust and distributed decision-making procedure based on such communications. The procedure shows how a member of a design team can make appropriate decisions based on incomplete information from the other members of the team. More specifically, it (1) treats variations among the designs considered by other members of the design team asconceptual noise; (2) shows how to incorporate such noises into decisions that are robust against these variations; (3) describes a method for using the same data to provide preference information back to the other team members; and (4) provides a procedure for determining whether to release theconceptually robust design or to wait for further decisions by others. The method is demonstrated by part of a distributed design process for a rotary CNC milling machine. While Taguchi's approach is used as a starting point because it is widely known, these results can be generalized to use other robust decision techniques.     

Analysis of New Q—switched Erbium Doped Fiber Laser Based on Fiber Grating Loop Mirror

An all-fiber wavelength selective Q-switching modulator based on fiber grating loop mirror is proposed.A newly configured Q-switched erbium doped fiber laser using this all-fiber modulator is numerically analyzed taking into account the effects of the spontaneous emission