Polymer holography II – The theory of hologram growth

The theory describing in molecular terms radical photopolymerization due to which the refractive index modulation distribution producing a hologram is formed. The theory extends the usual only-diffusion concept to early stages of polymerization, where the opposite diffusion of short polymers (oligomers) is possible which is reduced with increasing polymerization degree. The results of the theory are compared with our experimental results. The idea that, inversely, the experimentally detected curves describing the hologram growth may be used for the study of polymerization kinetics is put forward.     

Survival of three Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis isolates in fish products after hot smoking and frying

Fish mycobacteriosis should be considered as one possible means of transmission of mycobacterial infections to humans. In our study, we examined the survival of three field Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) isolates in fish meat during thermal processing technologies using culture and quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) methods. Minced carp meat mixture was artificially contaminated with known amount of MAH cells and survival and absolute numbers of MAH was monitored after hot smoking and frying. The viability of MAH was significantly lower after the frying process, whereas in response to hot smoking viable MAH cells could still be cultured even after 10 min at 70 °C. Significant differences in thermal stability were also observed among the three different MAH isolates. The human isolate was the most resistant, whereas the environmental isolate was the least resistant, which is probably due to host adaptability. In this work we confirmed that MAH can survive temperatures of 70 °C and thus can pose a risk to consumers.     

Light scattering from polyethylene solutions

The technique of measurement of light scattering from dilute polyethylene (PE) solutions is reviewed. Conditions are discussed under which various PE samples can be characterized. The choice of the solvent affects the accuracy of molecular weight determination. It appears that measurement with thermodynamically poorer solvents yields results subjected to a smaller error. The interpretation of light scattering data is often disturbed by the presence of supermolecular structures in PE solutions. The effect of reprecipitation on the behavior of PE samples is described. The measurements were mostly performed on PE standards and on the Czechoslovak sample Liten Macro.     

Assumption-based distribution of CTL model checking

In this paper we discuss the problem of performing distributed CTL model checking by splitting the given state space into several partial state spaces. The partial state space is modelled as a Kripke structure with border states. Each computer involved in the distributed computation owns a partial state space and performs a model-checking algorithm on this incomplete structure. To be able to proceed, the border states are augmented by assumptions about truth values of formulas and the computers exchange assumptions about relevant states to compute more precise information.     

Multifunctional humate-based magnetic sorbent: Preparation,properties and sorption of Cu (II), phosphates and selected pesticides

The magnetic sorbents with various contents of humic acids (ca. 6.6–15.5%) were prepared by a simple co-precipitation procedure from Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ salts and a commercially available alkaline humate concentrate. The sorbents were able to remove heavy metal cations (Cu²⁺) from waters with the sorption capacity ranging from 0.006 to 0.25 mmol/g in dependence on the content of humic acids. An ability to remove some organic compounds (triazine and organophosphate pesticides) was also demonstrated. In both cases, the presence of humic acids in the sorbents plays a crucial role in the sorption process – whereas the sorption of metal cations was attributed to the presence of acidic functional groups, the sorption of (less polar) organic compounds was attributed to the presence of glassy-state polymeric domains in the iron-humate matrix. The iron-humate sorbents were effective also in the removal of inorganic phosphorus (phosphate anions) from water. In this case, however, the removal efficiency decreased with increasing content of humic acids in the sorbent. Although the saturation magnetization decreased proportionally with increasing content of humic acids, it remained still sufficiently high for all the examined sorbents to facilitate their effective separation in magnetic field.     

制鞋工业中用于抑菌处理的甘油一酸酯(英文)

以甘油与不同偶数脂肪酸为原料合成了一系列甘油 酸酯(MAGS):甘油一辛酸酯(MAGC8∶0),甘油一癸酸酯(MAGC10∶0),甘油 2 乙基乙酸单酯(MAG2Eth C6∶0)和甘油一月桂酸酯(MAGC12∶0),测定其抑菌效果。这些材料以乙醇溶液的形式应用于衬里材料上。酵母菌(白色念菌和近平滑假丝酵母)的实验证明这两种酵母菌对MAGC8∶0和MAGC10∶0敏感。在100～150mg/L的浓度范围内MAGC8∶0和MAGC10∶0抑制微生物生长。纤维霉菌特别受到MAGC8∶0(100mg/L)溶液的抑制。当这一浓度的MAGC8∶0溶液应用于被测材料时,黑曲霉、点状毛霉、赭绿青霉具有抵抗性。实验证明,各种MAGS对不同种类可造成霉菌病的真菌微生物的防霉效果不同。     

Nuclear Cytoskeleton in Virus Infection

The nuclear lamina is the main component of the nuclear cytoskeleton that maintains the integrity of the nucleus. However, it represents a natural barrier for viruses replicating in the cell nucleus. The lamina blocks viruses from being trafficked to the nucleus for replication, but it also impedes the nuclear egress of the progeny of viral particles. Thus, viruses have evolved mechanisms to overcome this obstacle. Large viruses induce the assembly of multiprotein complexes that are anchored to the inner nuclear membrane. Important components of these complexes are the viral and cellular kinases phosphorylating the lamina and promoting its disaggregation, therefore allowing virus egress. Small viruses also use cellular kinases to induce lamina phosphorylation and the subsequent disruption in order to facilitate the import of viral particles during the early stages of infection or during their nuclear egress. Another component of the nuclear cytoskeleton, nuclear actin, is exploited by viruses for the intranuclear movement of their particles from the replication sites to the nuclear periphery. This study focuses on exploitation of the nuclear cytoskeleton by viruses, although this is just the beginning for many viruses, and promises to reveal the mechanisms and dynamic of physiological and pathological processes in the nucleus.     

QUALITATIVE OBSERVATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER EFFECTS ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF A TRICKLE BED REACTOR

This paper examines the effect of simultaneous heat and mass transfer on the hydrogenation of cyclohexene in a trickle bed reactor with particular attention given to the problem of liquid phase evaporation and transition to the gas-phase regime of operation. The reaction rates are obtained as a function of temperature and hydrogen flow rate; the concentration of the substrate in the feed displays considerable hysteresis due to an abrupt increase of the reaction rate arising from temperature gradients within the bed and in the gas film surrounding the catalyst pellet, during the transition from the liquid to the gas-phase regime. The transition is accompanied by the change of apparent kinetics of the model reaction as well as by a change of regime and operation of the pellet. In the liquid phase a pellet originally showing inter-phase and intra-particle diffusion resistances changes into the gas-phase regime with a large resistance due to inter-phase diffusion.     

Evaluating environmental impact of STPs situated on streams in the Czech Republic: an integrated approach to biomonitoring the aquatic environment

Sewage water treatment plants (STPs) are frequently associated with the release of xenobiotics and, consequently, with biological responses of fish to these substances. The impact of three STPs situated on small streams was assessed in 2009. Brown trout (Salmo trutta fario L.), captured upstream and downstream of these STPs, were used as biomonitors. The concentrations of 39 organic pollutants (PCBs, OCPs, PBDEs, HBCDs, and MCs), and the biological responses related to oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation and carbonyl protein), and antioxidant responses (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) were measured. Through chemometrics of these parameters, three groups with 97.62% of the total accumulated variance were distinguished. Integration of the assessed biomarkers using the IBR index, ranked environment impact on sites as: DS Pacov > DS Prachatice > DS Brloh > US Pacov > US Prachatice > US Brloh (most to least affected). STPs are a major source of xenobiotic pollution in streams of the Czech Republic. The combined use of chemical analysis and biological responses is necessary to validate the efficacy of a battery of biomarkers chosen to detect environmental stress due to pollution.     

Correction to: Optimal face templates: the next step in surveillance face recognition

Pattern Analysis and Applications - In the original publication of the article, the below-mentioned acknowledgement was not included and the author would like to add it.