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31.
Blaise P. Nic Phiarais Beatus D. Schehl Jorge C. Oliveira Elke K. Arendt 《Journal of the Institute of Brewing》2006,112(4):324-332
The influence of two factors, total concentration and fraction of three pairs of commercial enzymes, which showed statistical significance (Biocellulase W with Hitempase 2XL, Biocellulase W with Amylo 300 and Amylo 300 with Hitempase 2XL), were studied for their overall effect on buckwheat wort quality using response surface methodology (RSM). This study revealed that the addition of increasing levels of Hitempase 2XL to the buckwheat mash increased colour, extract levels, wort filtration, fermentability and total fermentable extract (TFE), along with decreasing viscosity values. Results also determined a high level of fermentability when an enzyme combination of 30% Biocellulase and 70% Hitempase was added to the mash. The addition of increasing levels of Amylo 300 to buckwheat mashes resulted in increases in fermentability and total fermentable extract (TFE), along with increases in total soluble nitrogen (TSN), free amino nitrogen (FAN) and Kolbach index (KI). With regard to the proposed optimal regime, although no synergistic effect was found when the three enzymes were used together, the optimum conditions for the production of buckwheat wort with lowest viscosity, highest extract and optimal fermentability were achieved using a joint model. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrate the feasibility of producing wort suitable for the brewing of gluten‐free beer from 100% malted buckwheat with careful optimisation of enzyme types and dosage levels. 相似文献
32.
33.
Ariosto B. Jorge Gabriel O. Ribeiro Timothy S. Fisher 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2003,56(1):117-144
This work presents two new error estimation approaches for the BEM applied to 2D potential problems. The first approach involves a local error estimator based on a gradient recovery procedure in which the error function is generated from differences between smoothed and non‐smoothed rates of change of boundary variables in the local tangential direction. The second approach involves the external problem formulation and gives both local and global measures of error, depending on a choice of the external evaluation point. These approaches are post‐processing procedures. Both estimators show consistency with mesh refinement and give similar qualitative results. The error estimator using the gradient recovery approach is more general, as this formulation does not rely on an ‘optimal’ choice of an external parameter. This work presents also the use of a local error estimator in an adaptive mesh refinement procedure. This r‐refinement approach is based on the minimization of the standard deviation of the local error estimate. A non‐linear programming procedure using a feasible‐point method is employed using Lagrange multipliers and a set of active constraints. The optimization procedure produces finer meshes close to a singularity and results that are consistent with the problem physics. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
34.
Edna R Meza‐Escalante Anne‐Claire Texier Flor Cuervo‐López Jorge Gómez Francisco J Cervantes 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(3):372-377
BACKGROUND: Many industrial discharges, such as those generated from petrochemical refineries, contain large amounts of sulfurous, nitrogenous and organic contaminants. Denitrification has emerged as a suitable technology for the simultaneous removal of these pollutants in a single reactor unit; however, more evidence is demanded to clarify the limitations of denitrification on the simultaneous removal of sulfide and phenolic contaminants and to optimize the biological process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of a denitrifying sludge to simultaneously convert sulfide and p‐cresol via denitrification. RESULTS: Sulfide was the preferred electron donor over p‐cresol, imposing a 5 h lag phase (required for complete sulfide removal) on organotrophic denitrification. Addition of sulfide (20 mg S2? L?1) to p‐cresol‐amended denitrifying cultures also decreased the reduction rate of nitrate and nitrite, as well as the production rate of nitrogen gas. Nitrite reduction rate was the most affected step by sulfide, decreasing from 35 to 21 mg N (g VSS d)?1. A synergistic inhibitory effect of nitrate and sulfide was also observed on nitrite reduction. Despite the effects of sulfide on the respiratory rates monitored, complete removal of nitrate, sulfide and p‐cresol could be achieved after 48 h of incubation. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that simultaneous removal of sulfide and p‐cresol could be achieved in denitrifying reactors, but a large hydraulic residence time may be required to sustain an efficient process due to inhibitory effects of sulfide. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
35.
Influence of pencil lead hardness on voltammetric response of graphite reinforcement carbon electrodes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Paulo Henrique Campos Prado Tavares Paulo Jorge Sanches Barbeira 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2008,38(6):827-832
This work studied the voltammetric response of graphite reinforcement electrodes made of different pencil lead hardness. The
studies showed that harder graphite leads, regardless of their manufacturer, are more appropriate as electrode material for
voltammetric purposes due to their higher peak currents, increasing sensitivity and reproducibility, with ΔEp closer to the theoretical value for a reversible system. 相似文献
36.
Intelligent multisensor surveillance systems consist of several types of sensors, which are installed on fixed and mobile devices. These components provide a huge quantity of information that has to be contrasted, correlated and integrated in order to recognize and react on special situations. These systems work in highly dynamic environments, with severe security and robustness requirements. All these characteristics imply the need for distributed solutions. In these solutions, scattered components can decide and act with some degree of autonomy (for instance, if they become isolated), or cooperate and coordinate for a complete tracking of special situations. In order to cope with these requirements and to better structure the solution, we have decided to design surveillance system control as a multiagent system. This is done by applying an agent-orientated methodology, which is assessed with concrete scenarios. 相似文献
37.
Robin M. Giblin-Davis Jorge E. Peña A. C. Oehlschlager Alice L. Perez 《Journal of chemical ecology》1996,22(8):1389-1410
Response of adults of the West Indian sugarcane weevil,Metamasius hemipterus sericeus, to various semiochemical treatments and physical trap designs was studied in southern Florida in field-grown banana and Canary Island date palms. Ethyl acetate released alone at 860–1007 mg/day was as effective for the capture ofM. h. sericeus as a combination of ethyl acetate (844–919 mg/day), ethyl propionate (348–362 mg/day), and ethyl butyrate (117–137 mg/day) and in one trial was more effective than fermenting sugarcane (250 g), ethyl propionate alone (353–384 mg/day), ethyl butyrate alone (123–174 mg/day), or no treatment. Ethyl acetate released alone at 675–683 mg/day was as attractive as 250 g of fermenting sugarcane or the racemic blend of the male-produced aggregation pheromones [(±)-5-methyl-nonan-4-ol and (±)-2-methyl-heptan-4-ol (8:1 ratio) “metalure”] at 3 mg/day. Weevil counts increased with binary combinations of ethyl acetate, sugarcane, and/or metalure over these treatments alone and the ternary combination was two to three times more effective than any of the binary treatments. Attraction to ethyl acetate released alone at 777 mg/day with metalure was greater than to the hydrolysis products of ethyl acetate (ethanol and/or acetic acid each released at about 6–8 mg/day) with metalure. Weevil counts from traps baited with 250 g of sugarcane and metalure increased with increasing dose of ethyl acetate to about 400 mg/day and then appeared to plateau. Ethyl acetate (about 700 mg/day) and metalure increased weevil counts in traps with increasing amounts of sugarcane (0–2 kg). Molasses (45 g) + water (158 ml) substitutes for sugarcane were about as effective for capturingM. h. sericeus as 250 g of fermenting sugarcane [all treatments with ethyl acetate (847 mg/day) and metalure]. Early experiments used a lethal pitfall trap. We demonstrated that several alternative trap designs were more effective than the lethal pitfall trap for capturing weevils. Color and height (on ground vs. 1 m on pole) did not affect trap efficacy when baited with the ternary combination of ethyl acetate (672–825 mg/day), sugarcane (250 g), and metalure. 相似文献
38.
The architects and builders in the past lacked our knowledge concerning fluid dynamics, but they exhibited a deep rooted ability to observe and reflect - thus, different cultures have developed by trial and error. The authors have produced a stimulating analysis which couples the science of fluid dynamics and a sensitive understanding of past cultures. The paper is recommended reading. 相似文献
39.
Precise timing and asynchronous I/O are appealing features for many applications. Unix kernels provide such features on a per‐process basis, using signals to communicate asynchronous events to applications. Per‐process signals and timers are grossly inadequate for complex multithreaded applications that require per‐thread signals and timers that operate at finer granularity. To respond to this need, we present a scheme that integrates asynchronous (Unix) signals with user‐level threads, using the ARIADNE system as a platform. This is done with a view towards support for portable, multithreaded, and multiprotocol distributed applications, namely the CLAM (connectionless, lightweight, and multiway) communications library. In the same context, we propose the use of continuations as an efficient mechanism for reducing thread context‐switching and busy‐wait overheads in multithreaded protocols. Our proposal for integrating timers and signal‐handling mechanisms not only solves problems related to race conditions, but also offers an efficient and flexible interface for timing and signalling threads. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
40.
Carneiro Davide Pereira Jorge e Silva Eliana Costa 《Neural computing & applications》2021,33(14):8687-8707
Neural Computing and Applications - Grapes reception is a key process in wine production. The harvest days are extremely challenging days in managing the reception of the grapes, as the winery... 相似文献