城市中心高架钢桥施工期保畅通实践

改造老旧道路、修建高架桥的施工期会加剧道路的拥堵。在郑州北三环快速化改造中,通过采取组织、管理、技术、经济等综合措施,实现了施工期原有主干道路畅通的目标,可为类似工程提供经验和借鉴。     

双G-M管宽量程辐射探测器设计

将Time-to-Count技术方法应用于双G-M计数管的辐射探测器,设计了G-M计数管高压快速充电电路和控制高低量程G-M计数管工作切换的电路,测试结果表明:双G-M计数管辐射探测器的量程跨度达9个数量级,测量上限达15Sv/h以上,实现了高低量程的平滑切换,还验证了探测器的稳定性和可靠性。     

主螺栓断裂对压力容器密封性能、应力及疲劳的影响分析

在理论分析和数值仿真技术基础上,研究并提出了一种主螺栓断裂对反应堆压力容器(RPV)密封性能、螺栓应力及疲劳的影响分析方法,采用该方法对主螺栓断裂影响进行了评价分析。结果表明,该方法适用于分析1根或多根主螺栓断裂情况对压力容器安全性能的影响,可以用于核电厂在运行中发生类似问题时判断反应堆能否继续运行。     

一株产内切菊粉酶菌株培养条件的响应面优化

从新疆石河子盐碱地菊芋生长根际土壤中,分离筛选得到10株具有内切菊粉酶活力的菌株,复筛得到1株高产内切菊粉酶活力菌株,将其命名为G-60。在单因素实验的基础上,采用Plackett-Burman实验法对8个因素进行了显著因素的筛选,结果表明,菊粉浓度、蛋白胨浓度和装液量对内切菊粉酶酶活影响显著;通过最陡爬坡实验及Central Composite Design设计进一步优化,得到最佳发酵产酶条件为:菊粉浓度66.5g/L、蛋白胨浓度29.1g/L、装液量49.38mL,内切菊粉酶活力达24.62U/mL,与优化前相比提高了1.55倍。      

β-葡萄糖苷酶粗酶液的超滤条件研究

采用超滤技术分离纯化β-葡萄糖苷酶粗酶液,以膜通量、回收率和比酶活为综合评价指标,筛选出合适的截留分子量的膜材料,并进一步考察了进口压力、回流压力、粗酶液固形物含量、膜过滤时间等因素对β-葡萄糖苷酶粗酶液超滤浓缩的影响。结果表明,β-葡萄糖苷酶粗酶液最佳超滤工艺条件为:选用50 ku的超滤膜,对0.9%的料液浓度在进口压0.12 MPa、回流压0.08 MPa条件下超滤20 min,浓缩倍数达3倍,β-葡萄糖苷酶回收率达95.05%,比酶活提高1.24倍,平均膜通量达96.0 L/（m²·h）。用超滤膜浓缩β-葡萄糖苷酶具有工艺简单、能耗低、绿色环保、β-葡萄糖苷酶活性损失小等优点,为β-葡萄糖苷酶的工业化生产放大奠定基础。      

枯草芽孢杆菌液态发酵豆粕的种子培养基和发酵培养基优化研究

为提高枯草芽孢杆菌液态发酵豆粕的效率,对发酵所用种子培养基和发酵培养基进行优化。通过单因素实验研究种子培养基氮源、碳源、无机盐种类及温度对生物量的影响,确定种子培养基组成为1%酵母膏、1%玉米黄粉、1%KH2PO4,培养温度36℃,其生物量、中性和碱性蛋白酶酶活较常规蛋白胨培养基分别提高210.10%、459.20%和67.50%。在此基础上运用正交实验对发酵培养基碳源量、接种量及温度进行优化,得到最优发酵工艺条件为20%豆粕、2%玉米黄粉、1%KH2PO4、接种量10%,培养温度36℃,其生物量、可溶性蛋白及多肽含量较仅含22%豆粕的培养基分别提高40.90%、28.60%和36.40%。结果表明采用优化后的种子培养基和发酵培养基能够显著提高枯草芽孢杆菌液态发酵豆粕的效率。      

Allosteric Inhibition of Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) by DPTIP: From Antiflaviviral Activity to Deciphering Its Binding Site through In Silico Studies and Experimental Validation

Flavivirus comprises globally emerging and re-emerging pathogens such as Zika virus (ZIKV), Dengue virus (DENV), and West Nile virus (WNV), among others. Although some vaccines are available, there is an unmet medical need as no effective antiviral treatment has been approved for flaviviral infections. The development of host-directed antivirals (HDAs) targeting host factors that are essential for viral replication cycle offers the opportunity for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals. In the case of flaviviruses, recent studies have revealed that neutral sphingomyelinase 2, (nSMase2), involved in lipid metabolism, plays a key role in WNV and ZIKV infection. As a proof of concept, we have determined the antiviral activity of the non-competitive nSMase2 inhibitor DPTIP against WNV and ZIKV virus. DPTIP showed potent antiviral activity with EC₅₀ values of 0.26 µM and 1.56 µM for WNV and ZIKV, respectively. In order to unravel the allosteric binding site of DPTIP in nSMase2 and the details of the interaction, computational studies have been carried out. These studies have revealed that DPTIP could block the DK switch in nSMase2. Moreover, the analysis of the residues contributing to the binding identified His463 as a crucial residue. Interestingly, the inhibitory activity of DPTIP on the H463A mutant protein supported our hypothesis. Thus, an allosteric cavity in nSMase2 has been identified that can be exploited for the development of new inhibitors with anti-flaviviral activity.     

Construction of Dual-Shell Mo2C/C Microsphere towards Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

Carbon-based carbides have attracted tremendous attention for electromagnetic energy attenuation due to their adjustable dielectric properties, oxidation resistance, and good chemical stability. Herein, we reasonably regulate the growth of dopamine hydrochloride on the surface of the Mo-glycerate (Mo-GL) microsphere and then transform the resultant Mo-polydopamine (Mo-PD) microsphere into a dual-shell Mo₂C/C (DS-Mo₂C/C) microsphere in a high-temperature pyrolysis process under an inert atmosphere. It is found that the pyrolysis temperature plays an important role in the graphitization degree of the carbon matrix and internal architecture. The fabrication of a dual-shell structure can be propitious to the optimization of impedance matching, and the introduction of Mo₂C nanoparticles also prompts the accumulation of polarization loss. When the pyrolysis temperature reaches 800 °C, the optimized composite of DS-Mo₂C/C-800 exhibits good EM absorption performance in the frequency range of 2.0–18.0 GHz. DS-Mo₂C/C-800′s qualified bandwidth can reach 4.4 GHz at a matching thickness of 1.5 mm, and the integrated qualified bandwidth (QBW) even exceeds 14.5 GHz with a thickness range of 1.5–5.0 mm. The positive effects of the dual-shell structure and Mo₂C nanoparticles on EM energy attenuation may render the DS-Mo₂C/C microsphere as a promising candidate for lightweight and broad bandwidth EM absorption materials in the future.     

Aquaporin Gating: A New Twist to Unravel Permeation through Water Channels

Aquaporins (AQPs) are small transmembrane tetrameric proteins that facilitate water, solute and gas exchange. Their presence has been extensively reported in the biological membranes of almost all living organisms. Although their discovery is much more recent than ion transport systems, different biophysical approaches have contributed to confirm that permeation through each monomer is consistent with closed and open states, introducing the term gating mechanism into the field. The study of AQPs in their native membrane or overexpressed in heterologous systems have experimentally demonstrated that water membrane permeability can be reversibly modified in response to specific modulators. For some regulation mechanisms, such as pH changes, evidence for gating is also supported by high-resolution structures of the water channel in different configurations as well as molecular dynamics simulation. Both experimental and simulation approaches sustain that the rearrangement of conserved residues contributes to occlude the cavity of the channel restricting water permeation. Interestingly, specific charged and conserved residues are present in the environment of the pore and, thus, the tetrameric structure can be subjected to alter the positions of these charges to sustain gating. Thus, is it possible to explore whether the displacement of these charges (gating current) leads to conformational changes? To our knowledge, this question has not yet been addressed at all. In this review, we intend to analyze the suitability of this proposal for the first time.