EVALUATION OF PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM) FOR MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION

Natural α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitors from food‐grade plants offer an attractive strategy to control postprandial hyperglycemia for type 2 diabetes management. Concurrently associated macrovascular complication of hypertension can be managed by similar extracts by inhibition of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE ). In this study, nine types of pepper were investigated for inhibitory activity against said enzymes. Several pepper extracts had high α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity, which was not correlated to total phenolic content and free radical scavenging‐linked antioxidant activity. Select extracts such as Green pepper and Long hot pepper had less or no inhibitory effect on the α‐amylase activity, which indicates the potential for reduced side effects. Among various water extracts, Yellow, Cubanelle and Red pepper had the highest ACE inhibitory activity. Therefore, combinations of pepper could be screened for dietary management of type 2 diabetes, associated hypertension and microvascular complications linked to oxidative dysfunction, and provide the basis for clinical studies.     

FEEDING LOW CALCIUM AND ZINC MOLT DIETS SUSTAINS GASTROINTESTINAL FERMENTATION AND LIMITS SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS COLONIZATION IN LAYING HENS

The objective of these experiments was to determine whether alternative molting diets would minimize Salmonella enterica serovar Entertitidis (S. Enteritidis) colonization in molting hens. Hens were randomly assigned to four treatment groups of 12 hens either full‐fed (nonmolt, NM), molted by feed withdrawal (molt, M), a low calcium (LC containing 800 mg calcium), or LC diet supplemented with 110 mg zinc/ kg of diet (LC‐ZN) in two trials. All hens were challenged orally with 10 ⁵SE on day 4 of experiment. Hen body weight loss was significantly (P < 0.05) increased and ovarian weight was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in hens fed the LC or LC‐ZN diets compared to NM. Cecal lactic acid concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in hens fed alternative molting diets. Feed withdrawal molted hens exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) more S. Enteritidis positive and S. Enteritidis crop, cecal, and organ colonization than NM, LC and LC‐ZN hens. Alternative molt diets retain sufficient fermentative activity to limit S. Enteritidis colonization and therefore may have potential to avoid the risk of increasing S. Enteritidis colonization associated with feed withdrawal.     

Correlation Between Oxidative Deterioration of Unsaturated Lipid and n-Hexanal during Storage of Brown Rice

n-Hexanal in the headspace over cooked brown rice stored at 5°C and 35°C for 0, 4, 8 and 12 months was determined by a gas chromatographic method using modified direct vapor injection. The off-flavors of stored brown rice were evaluated by n-hexanal and oxidized linoleic acid analysis. The amount of n-hexanal was found to be linearly proportional to the amount of oxidized linoleic acid (correlation coefficient, 0.99). Therefore, the simple and rapid method of vapor injection gas chromatography can be used for determining n-hexanal in the headspace vapor over cooked brown rice. Thus, the off-flavor of the stored brown rice resulting from lipid oxidation can be detected indirectly.     

Effects of Cr interlayer on mechanical and tribological properties of Cr-Al-Si-N nanocomposite coating

Cr-Al-Si-N coatings were deposited on SUS 304 substrate by a hybrid coating system. A Cr interlayer was introduced between Cr-Al-Si-N coating and SUS 304 substrate to improve the coating adherence. The effects of Cr interlayer on the microhardness, adhesion, and tribological behavior of Cr-Al-Si-N coatings were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the microhardness of the Cr-Al-Si-N coatings gradually deceases with increasing thickness of Cr interlayers. The adhesion between Cr-Al-Si-N and SUS 304 substrate is improved by addition of the Cr interlayers. A peak critical load of ~50 N is observed for the coating containing Cr interlayer of 60 nm as compared ~ 20 N for the coating without Cr interlayer. The thicker Cr interlayers result in reduced critical load values. Moreover, the wear resistance of the Cr-Al-Si-N coatings is greatly enhanced by introducing the Cr interlayer with thickness of 60 nm in spite of the decreased microhardness. The friction coefficient of the coating system is also moderately reduced.     

Hybrid functional IrO_2-TiO_2 thin film resistor prepared by atomic layer deposition for thermal inkjet printheads

IrO2-TiO2 thin films were prepared by atomic layer deposition using Ir(EtCp)(COD) and titanium isopropoxide (TTIP). The resistivity of IrO2-TiO2 thin films can be easily controlled from 1 500 to 356.7 μΩ·cm by the IrO2 intermixing ratio from 0.55 to 0.78 in the IrO2-TiO2 thin films. The low temperature coefficient of resistance(TCR) values can be obtained by adopting IrO2-TiO2 composite thin films. Moreover, the change in the resistivity of IrO2-TiO2 thin films was below 10% even after O2 annealing process at 600 °C. The step stress test results show that IrO2-TiO2 films have better characteristics than conventional TaN0.8 heater resistor. Therefore, IrO2-TiO2 composite thin films can be used as a heater resistor material in thermal inkjet printhead.     

Effect of carbon on microstructure of CrAlCxN1-x coatings by hybrid coating system

A systematic investigation of the microstructure of CrAlC_xN_1-x coatings as a function of carbon contents was conducted. Quaternary CrAlC_xN_1-x coatings were deposited on Si wafers by a hybrid coating system combining an arc-ion plating technique and a DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique using Cr and Al targets in the Ar/N₂/CH₄ gaseous mixture. The effect of carbon content on microstructure of CrAlC_xN_1-x coatings was investigated with instrumental analyses of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the carbon content of CrAlC_xN_1-x coatings linearly increases with increasing CH₄/(CH₄/N₂) gas flow rate ratio. The surface roughness of the CrAlC_xN_1-x coating layer decreases with the increase of carbon content.     

Synthesis of LiNiO2 cathode by the combustion method

To determine optimum conditions for the synthesis of LiNiO₂ by the combustion method, syntheses were carried out in air and under oxygen at various calcination temperatures and for different times. The electrochemical properties of the prepared samples were then investigated. The optimum conditions are preheating at 400 °C for 30 min in air in the mole ratio of urea to nitrate 3.6 and calcination at 750 °C for 36 h under O₂. The LiNiO₂ synthesized under these conditions had a first discharge capacity of 189 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C-rate and relatively good cycling performance. This sample has a larger value of I ₀₀₃/I ₁₀₄ (smaller cation mixing) and a smaller R-factor (larger hexagonal ordering). Cycling performance was investigated in various voltage ranges. The first discharge capacity increased as the upper limit of the voltage range rose. The first discharge capacity was small but cycling performance was good when the sample was cycled in the voltage range with the lowest upper limit.     

二等奖岛岛

我们把注意力投向了“自然意志”之间悖论性的循环机制,在这种机制下从jungrang溪冲积下来的淤沙创造了岛屿,而人们为了控制洪水不断努力地清理着这些淤泥。我们同时无意间揭示了一个事实,疏清出来的淤泥被归为一种“工业废弃物”。我们希望做的是利用这种由溪流不断提供的将汉江与首尔之城重新联系的自然资源。虽然我们始自虚无,希冀的却是那无穷的扩展。我们相信自己在这个项目的场地中所做的工作会扩展到超过其预期的尺度。     

Effects of Gamma Irradiation Dose and Timing of Treatment after Harvest on the Storeability of Garlic Bulbs

The effect of gamma irradiation dose and time of treatment after harvest on the storage of garlic bulbs was investigated. The effectiveness of irradiation for external sprout inhibition was not affected by the treatment time within 45 days after harvest. At 285 days after harvest, irradiation of 50 - 150 Gy caused about 6% less decrease in weight loss compared with the unirradiated group, and spoilage rates of the unirradiated and irradiated cloves were 100% and 17 - 20%, respectively. For the overall storageability of garlic bulbs, 75 Gy was shown to be the minimal optimum dose, and there was no apparent effect depending upon the time of irradiation treatment after harvest.