Shape Memory Behavior of [111]-Oriented NiTi Single Crystals After Stress-Assisted Aging

The shape memory behavior of [111]-oriented Ni_(51)Ti_(49) (at.%) single crystals was investigated after stressassisted aging at 500 °C for 1.5 h under a compressive stress of-150 MPa.It was found that a single family of Ni_4Ti_3 precipitates with two crystallographically equivalent variants was formed after aging under compressive stress.Stressassisted aging resulted in tensile two-way shape memory effect strain of 1.56% under-5 MPa.Thermal cycling under-600 MPa resulted in a transformation strain of-2.15%,while the subsequent thermal cycling under-5 MPa resulted in a tensile two-way shape memory effect strain of 2.2%.     

Influence of fat replacers on chemical composition, proteolysis, texture profiles, meltability and sensory properties of low-fat Kashar cheese

Changes in chemical composition, proteolysis, lipolysis, texture, melting and sensory properties of low-fat Kashar cheese made with three different fat replacers (Simplesse D-100, Avicel Plus CM 2159 or beta-glucan) were investigated throughout ripening. The low-fat cheeses made with fat replacers were compared with full- and low-fat counterparts as controls. Reduction of fat caused increases in moisture and protein contents and decreases in moisture-in-non fat substance and yield values in low-fat cheeses. The use of fat replacers in the manufacture of low-fat Kashar cheese increased water binding capacity and improved overall quality of the cheeses. Use of fat replacer in low-fat cheese making has enhanced cheese proteolysis. All samples underwent lipolysis during ripening and low-fat cheeses with fat replacers had higher level of total free fatty acid than full- or low-fat control cheeses. Texture attributes and meltability significantly increased with addition of fat replacers. Sensory scores showed that the full-fat cheese was awarded best in all stages of ripening and low-fat variant of Kashar cheeses have inferior quality. However, fat replacers except beta-glucan improved the appearance, texture and flavour attributes of low-fat cheeses. When the fat replacers are compared, the low-fat cheese with Avicel Plus CM 2159 was highly acceptable and had sensory attributes closest to full-fat Kashar cheese.     

Photodimerization of thioxanthone–anthracene: formation of monochromophoric Type II initiator

Thioxanthone–anthracene (TX-A) was previously synthesized and used as an initiator for the polymerization of acrylates and methacrylates in air atmosphere. Photodimerization of TX-A was carried out in benzene under light irradiation of >350 nm, and dimer (diTX-A) formation was followed by UV–vis, fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopy. The conjugation of anthracene was destroyed after dimerization, and the thioxanthone group was left behind. Therefore, the typical thioxanthone absorption spectrum was seen at 380 nm. TX-A itself does not have phosphorescence emission; however, diTX-A displayed phosphorescence emission spectrum similar to thioxanthone. IR and ¹H NMR spectrophotometric techniques also helped to determine the structure of diTX-A. Furthermore, photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of dimer (diTX-A) was another proof of the photodimerization of TX-A. diTX-A initiated polymerization of MMA as good as thioxanthone in the nitrogen atmosphere and displayed typical Type II initiator behaviour.     

Investigation of the effects of perlite additive on some comfort and acoustical properties of polyester fabrics

Natural perlite material was added for the first time into a polyester filament yarn structure. The water absorption and heat and sound insulation properties of the fabrics produced from textured and twisted polyester yarns containing 1.25% perlite additive were tested, and the results were compared with those obtained on the fabrics produced from reference polyester yarns. Although there are differences between the mechanical properties of the polyester yarns, the yarns including perlite remained within commercial usage limits. The thermal resistance values of polyester sateen fabrics obtained from perlite‐containing yarns were higher than those of the reference fabrics. The contribution of perlite led to a marked improvement, especially in the hydrophilicity and sound insulation of the polyester fabrics. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43128.     

Effects of the number of pedicles on perfusion and survival of venous flaps: an experimental study in rabbits

Venous flaps are new tools for reconstructive surgery; however, the survival mechanisms of these flaps are not clearly known. This study compares the effects of the number of pedicles in venous flaps and studies the perfusion of these flaps. In the rabbit ear composite tissue venous flap model without the underlying bed and perivenous areolar tissue, three groups with a different number of pedicles were created. The groups consisted of single-pedicled, two-pedicled, and three-pedicled venous flaps. Radioactive tracer studies with technetium 99m were undertaken to assess inflow and drainage. The venous pressure in each pedicled vein and pressure gradients were also documented between the venous pedicles. All single-pedicled venous flaps became necrotic. The mean viable flap area was 40.5% for the two-pedicled venous flaps, 75.8% for the three-pedicled flaps, and 94.1% for the axial-pattern control flaps. Inflow and drainage of the radioactive substance in the three-pedicled venous flaps were better than the two-pedicled venous flaps, but the axial-pattern control flaps were superior to both. We conclude that although venous flaps are still not as reliable as conventional flaps, increasing the number of pedicles affected flap survival positively, and venous flap perfusion occurred due to pressure gradients between flap pedicles.     

Assessing colour values of polyester fabrics produced from fibres having different cross-sectional shapes after abrasion

This study assesses the colour, colour difference and colour strength values obtained for eight disperse-dyed polyester fabric samples produced from full and hollow round and trilobal fibres after four sets of abrasion cycle. Each fabric was produced from the same yarns in warp and weft directions. The L *, C *ΔE^*_ab and K/S values of the undyed fabrics and dyed fabrics before and after increasing cycles of abrasion are presented and discussed. Fabrics produced from full and hollow fibres showed great differences regarding colour values in abrasion behaviour. Fabrics produced from hollow fibres were found to be very sensitive to increasing abrasion cycles.     

Ultrasound-assisted adsorption of textile dyes using modified nanoclay: Central composite design optimization

The removal of two anionic dyes, C.I. Acid Orange 7 (AO7) and C.I. Acid Red 17 (AR17), by ultrasound-assisted adsorption on the modified nanoclay in aqueous solutions was studied. The modified nanoclay was characterized by SEM/EDX, BET, XRD and FT-IR techniques. The average crystal size for the interlayer spacing of the modified nanoclay was about 14.3 nm. Central composite design (CCD) was used for the optimization of the operational parameters, including the initial dye concentration, sonication time, adsorbent dosage and temperature. The results demonstrated a good agreement between the predicted values obtained by the model and the experimental values for both AO7 (R²= 0.959) and AR17 (R²=0.971).     

Resource recovery as a sustainable perspective for the remediation of mining wastes: rehabilitation of the CMC mining waste site in Northern Cyprus

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - This paper highlights resource recovery and stabilization as the novel approach adopted in the rehabilitation strategy of the abandoned copper...