Einsatz von Mikroemulsionen als Waschsysteme in der Textilveredlung

The Application of Microemulsions as a Washing-System in the Finishing Industry In the textile finishing in many areas dispers systems are been used or develop during the processing. Examples are the dyeing bath for polyester fibers in which hydrophobic dyestuff acts as an dispersion in water. Another example for such a system occurs during washing. In such a case the oil-surfactant-water system changes from a solution of surfactant in water into oil-in-water emulsion as a function of dwelling-time. The present paper discusses the usefulness of a one phase water-oil-surfactant system in textile finishing processes. In detail a physico-chemical characterisation of a many component system consisting of water/hydrophob/amphiphil (surfactant)/electroyte is been needed. The behaviour of such systems is dependent on the chemical structure of the components and of pressure and temperature. Those systems show one-, two- and threephase regions. In this paper evidence will be given that the conditions having the highest degree of efficiency toward cleanness of the textile goods occurs in the one-phase region close to the three phase transition.     

Eine allgemeine Stauchkraftformel für das freie Stauchen zwischen planparallelen Preßflächen

Herleitung einer allgemeinen Stauchkraftformel. Spezialisierung auf das Prismastauchen und Vergleich mit einer Prisma-Stauchkraftformel. Mit der allgemeinen Stauchkraftformel errechnete Werte im Vergleich zu gemessenen Stauchkräften.     

Brain phospholipids and fatty acids in Friedreich's ataxia and spinocerebellar atrophy type-1

Previous studies of patients with spinocerebellar atrophy type 1 (SCA-1) and Friedreich's ataxia (FA) have suggested the occurrence of membrane disturbances in both disorders. We measured concentrations of phosphatidylcholine (PC), diacyl and plasmalogen phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS), along with their fatty acid profiles, in the brains of eight patients with Friedreich's ataxia (FA) and nine patients with dominantly inherited spinocerebellar atrophy type 1 (SCA-1). Compared with the controls, levels of all phospholipid types (PE, PS, and PC) were reduced in the cerebellar but not occipital cortex of SCA-1 patients. In contrast, in the FA group, levels of PS and PE, but not PC, were reduced in both cerebellar and occipital cortices. The fatty acid composition of individual brain phospholipids was altered in both FA and SCA-1 patients, most markedly in the plasmalogen PE and PS classes of cerebellar phospholipids. Given the neuropathologic characteristics of each disorder, it is likely that altered fatty acid composition and phospholipid levels in SCA-1 cerebellar cortex occur as a consequence of pronounced cerebellar degeneration. In contrast, reduced phospholipid levels in FA cerebellar and occipital cortex, areas characterized by, at most, minimal neuronal loss in FA, may represent a widespread alteration in cellular phospholipid metabolism occurring in response to the specific gene defect in the disorder.     

Pulse compression on an HLN-transmission line in GaAs technology asa basis for an integrated sampling head driver module

The theory behind nonlinear wave propagation is reviewed briefly. Analogue simulation results indicate the possibility of designing a nonlinear transmission line in a commercially available GaAs process which compresses input signals with 35 ps rise time to 9 ps at the output. This pulse compression ability can be used to construct a driver to control the switch in an integrated sampling head     

Correction to: Nitrification inhibitors reduce N2O emissions induced by application of biogas digestate to oilseed rape

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems - A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-021-10138-5     

Chasing the “Killer” Phonon Mode for the Rational Design of Low‐Disorder,High‐Mobility Molecular Semiconductors

Molecular vibrations play a critical role in the charge transport properties of weakly van der Waals bonded organic semiconductors. To understand which specific phonon modes contribute most strongly to the electron–phonon coupling and ensuing thermal energetic disorder in some of the most widely studied high‐mobility molecular semiconductors, state‐of‐the‐art quantum mechanical simulations of the vibrational modes and the ensuing electron–phonon coupling constants are combined with experimental measurements of the low‐frequency vibrations using inelastic neutron scattering and terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy. In this way, the long‐axis sliding motion is identified as a “killer” phonon mode, which in some molecules contributes more than 80% to the total thermal disorder. Based on this insight, a way to rationalize mobility trends between different materials and derive important molecular design guidelines for new high‐mobility molecular semiconductors is suggested.