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71.
72.
73.
Pierre-Antoine Dubos Eric Hug Simon Thibault Mohamed Ben Bettaieb Clément Keller 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2013,44(12):5478-5487
Influence of the size effects on the mechanical behavior of face-centered cubic metals was studied for complex loadings close to microforming ones. The effect of a reduction in thickness (t) over grain size (d) ratio on the mechanical behavior for high-purity nickel and copper is investigated for three different loadings by tensile and Nakazima tests (plane strain conditions and balanced biaxial expansion). Experimental results highlight a strong degradation of the mechanical properties of Cu and Ni when the t/d ratio is reduced below a critical value, independently of the strain path. However, this effect occurs if the equivalent plastic strain is larger than a critical level which is strain path dependent and related to the stress triaxiality. The current study reveals that plastic anisotropy is also affected by size effects. An excellent correlation is obtained between the t/d ratio and the thickness reduction, through the mean normal plastic anisotropy parameter which is widely used to estimate sheet formability. A size effect map based on forming limit diagrams is proposed to depict the optimal conditions of microforming. 相似文献
74.
Katja Buhr Christina Pammer Peter Schieberle 《European Food Research and Technology》2010,230(3):375-381
Completeness of extraction, losses during isolation and, in particular, the formation of new constituents are challenges during
the enrichment of volatiles for GC analysis. Especially the isolation of volatiles by simultaneous steam distillation/extraction
has long been known to generate artifacts due to the hot water treatment. However, even a simple treatment of dry foods with
cold water may already lead to the release of odour-active volatiles. After treatment of chocolate or cocoa beans with water,
the concentrations of the four Strecker aldehydes 2- and 3-methylbutanal, 3-(methylthio)propanal and phenylacetaldehyde were
increased by factors between 10 and 100. Also in other dry processed foods, such as malt or crackers, the concentrations of
the Strecker aldehydes were substantially increased upon water addition. Although a physical release of the aldehydes weakly
bound to, e.g. proteins or starch is possible, in a further experiment, it could be shown that a yet unknown precursor of
3-(methylthio)propanal and phenylacetaldehyde could be isolated by solvent extraction from caramalt and Munich malt. As a
consequence, the presence or absence of water during the work-up procedure might either lead to an over- or underestimation
of the relevance of the respective aroma compounds, which might also effect aroma formation and perception during the process
of eating. 相似文献
75.
Andrew C. Weems Jeffery E. Raymond Kevin T. Wacker Tiffany P. Gustafson Brandis Keller Karen L. Wooley Duncan J. Maitland 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2015,132(23)
Three microparticle additives, tungsten (W), zirconium oxide (ZrO2) , and barium sulfate (BaSO4) were selected to enhance the radio‐opacity in shape memory polymer (SMP) foam biomaterials. The addition of filler causes no significant alterations of glass transition temperatures, density of the materials increases, pore diameter decreases, and total volume recovery decreases from approximately 70 times in unfilled foams to 20 times (4% W and 10% ZrO2). The addition of W increases time to recovery; ZrO2 causes little variation in time to shape recovery; BaSO4 increases the time to recovery. On a 2.00 mean X‐ray density (mean X.D.) scale, a GDC coil standard has a mean X.D. of 0.62 ; 4% W enhances the mean X.D. to 1.89, 10% ZrO2 to 1.39 and 4% BaSO4 to 0.74. Radio‐opacity enhancing additives could be used to produce SMP foams with controlled shape memory kinetics, low density , and enhanced X ‐ray opacity for medical materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42054. 相似文献
76.
Katja Čerpnjak Alenka Zvonar Franc Vrečer 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2015,41(9):1548-1557
Context: Comparative evaluation of liquid and solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) as promising approaches for solubility enhancement.Objective: The aim of this work was to develop, characterize, and evaluate a solid SMEDDS prepared via spray-drying of a liquid SMEDDS based on Gelucire® 44/14 to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of naproxen.Material and methods: Various oils and co-surfactants in combination with Gelucire® 44/14 were evaluated during excipient selection study, solubility testing, and construction of (pseudo)ternary diagrams. The selected system was further evaluated for naproxen solubility, self-microemulsification ability, and in vitro dissolution of naproxen. In addition, its transformation into a solid SMEDDS by spray-drying using maltodextrin as a solid carrier was performed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to evaluate the physical characteristics of the solid SMEDDS obtained.Results: The selected formulation of SMEDDS was comprised of Miglyol 812®, Peceol?, Gelucire® 44/14, and Solutol® HS 15. The liquid and solid SMEDDS formed a microemulsion after dilution with comparable average droplet size and exhibited uniform droplet size distribution. In the solid SMEDDS, liquid SMEDDS was adsorbed onto the surface of maltodextrin and formed smooth granular particles with the encapsulated drug predominantly in a dissolved state and partially in an amorphous state. Overall, incorporation of naproxen in SMEDDS, either liquid or solid, resulted in improved solubility and dissolution rate compared to pure naproxen.Conclusion: This study indicates that a liquid and solid SMEDDS is a strategy for solubility enhancement in the future development of orally delivered dosage forms. 相似文献
77.
78.
The Effect of Composition on the Optical Properties and Hardness of Transparent Al‐rich MgO·nAl2O3 Spinel Ceramics 下载免费PDF全文
The study investigates the transmittance and hardness of Al‐rich spinel ceramics (MgO·nAl2O3, 1 ≤ n ≤ 2.5) prepared by reaction air sintering (up to closed porosity) of different ratios of fine and coarse‐grained commercial Al2O3 and MgO raw powders completed by subsequent hot isostatic pressing (HiP). Different compositions give rise to a wide range of presintering temperatures. With starting compositions 1 ≤ n ≤ 1.5, presintering results in a formation of single‐phase spinel, in which the excess of Al is solved. With higher Al contents (n > 1.5), however, a biphasic ceramic of stoichiometric MgAl2O4 and residual alumina is formed first. This excess alumina is incorporated into the spinel lattice during the final HiP at a temperature of 1750°C. Single‐phase, highly transparent spinel is obtained by increasing the Al‐content up to n = 2.5, which gives about 85% in‐line transmittance in the visible range of light and about 63% at a UV wavelength of 200 nm. Whereas the optical properties can be improved, the hardness (HV1) slightly decreases with increasing Al content. Depending on the raw powders, the hardness of samples prepared by finer powders tend to higher values enabled by the development of a bimodal microstructure with a finer grain fraction (≤2 μm) between coarser grains (≤156 μm). In contrast, samples made of coarser powders need higher sintering temperatures and exhibit, then, a monomodal microstructure of very large grains (≤622 μm) only. 相似文献
79.
Alexander Horcher Katja Tangermann-Gerk Walter Krenkel Michael Schmidt Rajendra K. Bordia Günter Motz 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2022,19(2):856-865
Protective ceramic-based coatings are frequently the most suitable solutions for problems like corrosion and wear. It has been shown that the precursor technology is suitable for the preparation of ceramic coatings by pyrolysis in a furnace. However, the required high temperature for the preparation of the ceramic coatings limits this approach to high temperature-resistant substrates. A very innovative approach to overcome this restriction is the use of laser radiation as a thermal source for the pyrolysis of the preceramic polymer. In this paper, we report on a coating system, for steel substrates, consisting of a polysilazane (Durazane 2250) bond coat and a hard and dense top-coat composed of an organosilazane (Durazane 1800) with tetragonal ZrO2 particles and aluminum flakes as fillers pyrolyzed using Nd:YVO4 laser. The aluminum fillers led to a significant increase in absorption of the laser energy leading to the formation of a dense coating with a thickness up to 20 μm and a mainly cellular/columnar-dendritic microstructure. The microstructure, mechanical, and tribological behaviors of these composite coatings are reported and compared to those of laser pyrolyzed glass/ZrO2-filled polysilazane-based coatings reported in the literature. 相似文献
80.
Hans-Joachim Nees Harald Keller Thomas Facklam Albert Herrmann Jochen Welsch Uwe Bergstrßer Heinrich Heydt Manfred Regitz 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》1993,335(7):589-598
Diazo Compounds. 72. Diazoalkylphosphanes – Synthesis by Electrophilic Diazoalkane Substitution and Oxidative Addition Reactions at Phosphorus Electrophilic diazoalkane substitution of the diazomethyl compounds 1a,b with the chloro phosphanes 2a-o in the presence of lithium diethylamide yields the diazoalkyl phosphanes 3a-z . Oxidative addition of oxygen, sulfur and selenium at phosphorus leads into the series of oxo, thioxo and selenoxo phosphanes having diazoalkyl substituents ( 4a-d, 5a-m and 7a-d ). The silyl group of 5n,o is cleaved by chromatography on aluminium oxide to yield the (diazomethyl)phosphane sulfides 6a,b . 相似文献