荷兰当代住宅变迁:历史、类型及城市设计策略

本文从荷兰填海造田的历史出发,分析了荷兰城市住宅土地开发从密集化到去密集化的演变过程.其中,港口的再开发为各大城市带来了内城复兴的契机,阿姆斯特丹的港口区的各个项目成为城市密度、住宅类型、融资模式、公共参与等的实验场.     

时光机器：对话卡斯·卡恩教授

"致密化"是现代城市发展不可回避的趋势。城市新插件与历史环境交融并置将是下一个时代浪潮的重要特征,这将进一步引发关于历史价值与当代性的讨论和思辨。荷兰作为高密度国家典型代表,近十年在建成环境的适应性转型中表现突出。文章通过与荷兰卡恩建筑事务所主持建筑师卡斯·卡恩教授的访谈,深度辨析荷兰建筑师面向复杂历史环境的立场与方法。对话重点聚焦于改造策略、遗产价值与实践经验,以期获得设计介入保护与更新议题的可描摹的研究线索。     

A new strain hardening model for rate-dependent crystal plasticity

This paper presents a crystal plasticity based finite element analysis employing the new microstructure-based strain hardening model recently presented by Saimoto and Van Houtte (2011) [7] to simulate formability and texture evolution in the commercial aluminum alloy 5754. Simulations are performed to compare the predictive capability of the new hardening model against the common work hardening models using a rate-dependent plasticity formulation. The parameters in the numerical models are calibrated using the X-ray data published by Iadicola et al. (2008) [9] for the aluminum sheet alloy 5754. The predictions of the model for balanced biaxial tension and in-plane plane-strain tests are compared against experimental observations presented in Iadicola et al. (2008) [9]. It is concluded that the new model provides the best predictions of the large strain behavior of Aluminum sheet alloy 5754 subjected to various strain paths.     

Robust compensation of elastic deformations in ball screw drives

Elastic deformations occur in ball screw drives typically due to inertial forces, guideway friction, and cutting forces. This results in elongation and compression of the ball screw, which deteriorates the dynamic linear positioning accuracy. Closing the control loop with a linear encoder helps to alleviate this problem to a certain extent. However, linear scales cost significantly more than rotary encoders and their installation also brings about additional costs. This paper presents a new strategy for mitigating the detrimental effect of elastic deformations, in order to improve the translational accuracy of ball screw drives when only rotational feedback is available. A simple and physically intuitive model is developed, which is used to offset the position commands that are fed to the servo control law. Compensation is proposed using a closed-loop scheme, which is found to be robust against cutting forces, as well as variations in the table mass and guideway friction. These effects are detected as equivalent disturbances that cause an elastic deformation. The proposed closed-loop compensation strategy has been validated in machining and high-speed tracking experiments, as well as simulations, which demonstrate its effectiveness in terms of improving the ball screw drive’s final translational accuracy.     

Entrepreneurial migration and regional opportunities in developing countries

This paper aims to investigate the entrepreneurial migrants' preferences for a location for business activities in developing countries. In the modelling framework six socio-economic and six socio-cultural variables are used in this study to investigate the migrants' propensity to stay at a particular region. The empirical research was carried out in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. It appears that the presence of a supporting informal network is the most critical factor that attracts and keeps the entrepreneurial migrants in a particular region. Socio-cultural variables like experience and education play a less significant role in the migrants' decision to stay in a given region. RID="*" ID="*" Kees Gorter passed away in October 2001.     

Polymer‐based transistors used as pixel switches in active‐matrix displays

A 2‐in. active‐matrix display was demonstrated, containing 4096 solution‐processed polymer‐based transistors. By using the polymer‐dispersed liquid‐crystal display (LCD) effect, this results in a reflective, low‐power display with paper‐like contrast. The influence of the transistor parameters on the display performance is analyzed by use of a model for charging and discharging of the pixel capacitors. Good agreement was obtained between the model and the experimental data. Scaling behavior allows estimation of the performance required for transistors in a quarter‐VGA display. These requirements are met by solution‐processed pentacene transistors.     

Configurations of NPD – Production Interfaces and Interface Integration Mechanisms

This paper describes and illustrates different configurations of the interface between new product development and production processes, including both intra–firm and inter–firm interfaces. These configurations are partly based on a process view of product innovation and partly on a structural view of product innovation. In addition to this typology of interfaces some integration mechanisms are described. The typology will serve as a basis for further research aimed at identifying consistent configurations of the different types of integration mechanisms that are available for industry to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of product innovation processes.     

Emission, fate and effects of soluble silicates (waterglass) in the aquatic environment

Soluble silicates, commercially known as waterglass, are among the largest volume synthetic chemicals in the world. Silicon from waterglass is rapidly transformed to the biologically active orthosilicic acid (referred to as dissolved silicate). This paper aims to assess the impact of waterglass on the aquatic environment in Western Europe. The emission to surface waters from the four most relevant application areas, household detergents, pulp and paper production, water and wastewater treatment, and soil stabilization, is estimated to be ca. 88-121 kton of SiO2 per year. This is a small fraction (<2%) of the estimated total amount of dissolved silicate transported by rivers to the oceans. Locally, increases in dissolved silicate concentration will decrease the ratios of N:Si and P:Si, which could influence phytoplankton species composition and favor the growth of diatoms over other groups of algae. Significant adverse effects in aquatic ecosystems are not expected.     

Move to get moved: a search for methods,tools and knowledge to design for expressive and rich movement-based interaction

The world is inherently meaningful for us, i.e. we perceive the world in terms of what we can do with it, and by physically interacting with it we access this meaning and express the meaning. We believe that this is the core reason and foundation for turning to movement-based interaction. ‘Interaction creates meaning’ does not only hold for users during interaction but also for designers when generating ideas and developing concepts. Therefore, we postulate that if one truly likes to design for movement-based interaction, one has to be or become an expert in movement, not just theoretically, by imagination or on paper, but by doing and experiencing while designing. In order to do so, we believe that designers need design tools, techniques, knowledge, awareness and skills that support their search for expressive, rich behaviour. Our search for this support resulted in several methods, tools and knowledge that help designers exploring, visualising and reflecting on interactions. Our developed methods and tools such as the Design Movement approach with its choreography of interaction, gestural design tools, interactive installations and interactive tangible sketching, have not only supported and inspired designers to design for movement-based interaction, but also resulted in surprising, fresh designs in comparison with the limited scope of rather uniform and traditional electronic consumer products. This paper discusses the possibilities and limitations of our approach.