Analytical evaluation technique of self-phase-modulation effect onthe performance of cascaded optical amplifier systems

We propose an approximate analytical evaluation technique of self-phase-modulation (SPM) in cascaded optical amplifier systems. The effect of SPM on optical pulse distortion is represented by the increase in the α-parameter of the transmitter. The waveform distortion is approximated by assuming that the pulse is transmitted over a dispersive fiber without nonlinearity. This technique greatly reduces the calculation time, and is especially useful in designing cascaded amplifier systems, evaluating theoretical maximum transmission distance     

A 1.8 Gb/s GaAs optoelectronic universal switch LSI withmonolithically integrated photodetector and laser driver

A high-speed monolithic optical interface switch LSI is developed using a GaAs MSM photodetector and large-scale integrated electric circuits. This LSI operates universally as a 1.8 Gb/s optical-input/optical-output four-channel time-division switch, a 1.8 Gb/s optical-input/electrical-output 1:4 demultiplexer, a 2.0 Gb/s electrical-output 4:1 multiplexer, and a 2.8 Gb/s electrical-input/electrical-output 4×4 space-division switch. It uses a new multistage 2×2 switch block with small hardware and high-speed operation. It can be expanded to a 16×16 optical-input/optical-output time-division switch operating at up to 1.8 Gb/s for broadband-ISDN     

Correlation between the compact regions predicted by the average distance map (ADM) and the biologically active sites in atrial natriuretic peptide

The prediction of the short-range compact regions of human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP), one of the biologically active peptides, has been made by means of the Average Distance Map(ADM). We found out that the location of the predicted short-range compact regions is consistent with the structural units determined by the NMR analysis (Kobayashi et al., 1988). Furthermore, the short-range compact regions correspond well to the biologically active areas of atriopeptin (103-125)-amide (which is homologous peptide to alpha-hANP), detected by the glycine substitution technique (Konishi et al., 1987). The results suggest that a predicted short-range compact region can be regarded as a possible active site in a biologically active peptide.     

高速气流冲击式粉体表面改性装置——HYBRIDIZATION系统及应用

利用高速气流冲击法进行粉体/粉体系表面改性技术,是迄今为止各种粉体材料开发中最为引人注目的技术之一。HYBRIDIZATION(下称HYB)系统是利用高速气流冲击法对微粉体进行干式/机械化处理,是使材料复合化的最实用的装置,可对各类有机物、无机物、金属等进行广泛组合,通用性很强,适用于许多行业领域。从本文所述的系统构成、型式,有关的典型球形化处理的运转特性,利用复合化高温粉体测定被处理粉体表面温度,利用颜料改变色调等的处理特点及该系统的适用性等(一部分是从已发表的学术论文及专利上摘录的),可以说明HYB系统的概况。     

Topological design considering flexibility under periodic loads

Topology optimization has been extensively considered to design the structural configuration for the stiffness maximization and the eigenfrequency maximization. In this paper, we construct a topology optimization method implementing flexibility with the time-periodic loading condition. First, the flexibility in the dynamic periodic loading is formulated using the mutual energy concept. Second, the multi-optimization problem is formulated using a new multi-objective function in order to obtain an optimal solution incorporating both flexibility and stiffness. Next, the topology optimization procedure is developed using the homogenization design method. Finally, some examples are provided to confirm the optimal design method presented here. Received January 18, 1999     

Bile Acid–Drug Interaction via Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide 4C1 Is a Potential Mechanism of Altered Pharmacokinetics of Renally Excreted Drugs

Patients with liver diseases not only experience the adverse effects of liver-metabolized drugs, but also the unexpected adverse effects of renally excreted drugs. Bile acids alter the expression of renal drug transporters, however, the direct effects of bile acids on drug transport remain unknown. Renal drug transporter organic anion-transporting polypeptide 4C1 (OATP4C1) was reported to be inhibited by chenodeoxycholic acid. Therefore, we predicted that the inhibition of OATP4C1-mediated transport by bile acids might be a potential mechanism for the altered pharmacokinetics of renally excreted drugs. We screened 45 types of bile acids and calculated the IC₅₀, K_i values, and bile acid–drug interaction (BDI) indices of bile acids whose inhibitory effect on OATP4C1 was >50%. From the screening results, lithocholic acid (LCA), glycine-conjugated lithocholic acid (GLCA), and taurine-conjugated lithocholic acid (TLCA) were newly identified as inhibitors of OATP4C1. Since the BDI index of LCA was 0.278, LCA is likely to inhibit OATP4C1-mediated transport in clinical settings. Our findings suggest that dose adjustment of renally excreted drugs may be required in patients with renal failure as well as in patients with hepatic failure. We believe that our findings provide essential information for drug development and safe drug treatment in clinics.     

Fibre Bragg grating compression-tuned over 110 nm

A fibre Bragg grating with a tuning range covering beyond the C- and L-bands has been realised, which represents the broadest tuning range reported of any Bragg grating. The device exhibits constant spectral response and polarisation mode dispersion within these bands.