Acidogenic fermentation of blended food‐waste in combination with primary sludge for the production of volatile fatty acids

The performance of a laboratory‐scale anaerobic acidogenic fermenter fed with a mixture of blended kitchen food‐waste and primary sludge from a sewage treatment plant was investigated for the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA). The operating variables for acidogenic fermentation were kitchen food‐waste content (10 and 25 wt %), hydraulic retention time (HRT: 1, 3 and 5 days), temperature (ambient: 18 ± 2 °C, and mesophilic: 35 ± 2 °C) and pH (varied from 5.2 to 6.7). The experimental results indicated that effluent VFA concentrations and VFA production rates were higher at ambient temperature than at mesophilic conditions. The net amount of VFA with 10 wt % food‐waste increased up to 920 mg dm^?3 with an increase of HRT, but contrasting results (a decrease of 2610 mg dm^?3) were found due to the conversion of VFA into biogas in the case of 25 wt % food‐waste, which increased significantly at HRT of 3–5 days. In terms of biogas composition (CO₂ and CH₄), the organic matter was converted into CO₂ through the oxidative pathway by facultative species at low temperature while mesophilic temperature and optimum pH (6.3–7.8) played a pivotal role in increasing rate of conversion of VFA into biogas by methanogenesis. Rates of VFA production and their conversion are dependent on the food‐waste content in the mixture. Yet, the higher concentration of food‐waste (25% compared with 10%) did not produce VFA proportionally due to the increased rate of conversion of VFA into gaseous products. The maximum VFA production rate (0.318 g VFA_produced g^?1 VS_fed day^?1) was achieved in the 10 wt % food‐waste at ambient temperature and at a 5‐day HRT. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

赛汉塔拉凹陷滑塌浊积岩的发现与勘探意义

通过研究二连盆地赛汉塔拉凹陷中洼槽陡坡带的含鲕粒块状细砂岩从岩性特征、沉积结构及构造特征、粒度特征、测井曲线特征、地震反射特征以及对其形成机理的分析,认为赛83x含油砂岩体为在半深湖一深湖环境形成的滑塌浊积扇沉积.这种类型的滑塌浊积扇具备分选、磨圆度、物性较好等条件,尤其是此类砂岩体往往被形成于深湖一半深湖相还原环境的深灰色、灰黑色泥岩--成熟烃源岩所包围,易形成岩性圈闭,有利于油气的运移和聚集成藏,是断陷湖盆陡坡带油气勘探的重要目标.     

氧化铝厂渣浆泵机械密封的失效形式及改进措施

本文介绍了渣浆泵机械密封的失效形式,并根据长期现场工作经验,分析了机械密封泄漏的主要原因,据此提出了改进措施,通过对动静环密封面倒角,改变密封面尺寸及载荷系数后有效地解决了由于径向跳动过大而引起的密封面刮碰擦裂的失效问题。     

I-DEAS软件在轮毂有限元分析中的应用

优化了铝合金轮毂的开发流程.采用I-DEAS软件对铝合金轮毂的弯曲疲劳、径向疲劳及冲击试验进行有限元分析,证明仿真分析可以满足指导车轮设计,优化车轮结构的要求.     

锌基合金模具的应用及探讨

本文分析了锌基合金模具制造及使用过程中容易出现热裂、翘曲、收缩的问题，并提出了解决这些问题的措施。     

大型水轮发电机组励磁变压器参数及绝缘方式的选择--由三峡机组励磁系统投运引起的思考

结合三峡机组励磁系统的调试及投运经验,对大型水电机组静止自励系统选型中存在的一些关键性技术课题进行分析与论证,期望得出的结论有助于在大型水轮发电机组励磁系统参数选择和在提高机组运行安全、可靠性方面提供有益的借鉴。文中提出的励磁系统设计新理念仅代表个人的观点。     

Synthesis of minerals using alternative energy sources

A technology for the synthesis of synthetic minerals (using the example of spinels) using a low-temperature plasma flame is developed. The diagnostic properties of spinels are identified.     

耿达电站首部枢纽运行中的泥沙淤积及清污处理

简要地介绍了渔子溪二级水电站首部枢纽在10多年运行管理中的泥沙淤积及清污的处理措施。     

U(Ⅳ)-U(Ⅵ)同位素交换反应动力学研究 Ⅰ.Fe~(2+)对U(Ⅳ)-U(Ⅵ)同位素交换反应的催化作用

一、前言由于U(IV)-U(VI)同位素交换体系具有相当大的同位素效应和很好的稳定性,并且容易实现两相回流,这对于分离U同位素的工业应用都是十分有利的。但是,U(IV)-U(VI)同位素交换反应速度非常慢,常温下H~+浓度为1.0—4.0 mol/l时,速度常数为1.0×10~(-4)l~2/mol·s。因此要用U(IV)-U(VI)交换体系浓缩铀同位素,必须研究U(IV)-U(VI)交换反应动力学,找到加快交换反应的方法。