Scanning tomographic acoustic microscopy

The scanning tomographic acoustic microscope (STAM) was proposed in 1982 as a method of improving the resolution capability of the scanning laser acoustic microscope (SLAM) based on the principles of tomography. By modifying the SLAM with a quadrature detector, tomographic projections that contain both the amplitude and phase information of the scattered wavefield can be acquired. Subsequently, multiple projections acquired with different incident waves are combined using the "back-and-forth" propagation algorithm to form the tomographic reconstruction. The first STAM reconstructions have been obtained to experimentally demonstrate the superior resolution capability of the STAM over the SLAM. In this paper, the implementation of the STAM is described, and experimental reconstructions of multiple-layer specimens are demonstrated.     

考虑EV充放电意愿的园区综合能源系统双层优化调度

随着电动汽车的普及度越来越高,工业园区的电动汽车用户日益增多,其充放电行为对园区综合能源系统规划和运行带来极大挑战。本文提出了考虑电动汽车充放电意愿的园区综合能源系统双层优化调度。首先基于动态实时电价、电池荷电量、电池损耗补偿、额外参与激励等因素建立充放电意愿模型,在此基础上得到改进的电动汽车充放电模型;然后,以园区综合能源系统总成本最小和电动汽车充电费用最小为目标建立双层优化调度模型,通过KKT条件将内层模型转化为外层模型的约束条件,从而快速稳定的实现单层模型的求解;最后,进行仿真求解,设置3种不同场景,对比了所提模型与一般充放电意愿模型,验证了文中所提引入EV充放电意愿模型的园区综合能源系统双层优化调度的有效性和可行性,具有一定的经济效益。     

星载高速跨阻放大器电离总剂量效应研究

为得到卫星搭载的高速跨阻运算放大器在星载环境中长时间工作后的性能变化情况,对3款增益带宽积大于1GHz的高速跨阻放大器芯片关键特征参数的电离总剂量损伤特性及变化规律进行了试验研究。辐照试验在⁶⁰Co γ射线源上采用高温加速评估的方法完成,辐照到放大器芯片上的剂量率为0.3~0.5Gy(Si)/s。分析了放大器芯片输出偏置、输出噪声和带宽等关键电参数在辐照前后及高温(85℃±6℃)退火前后的特性,讨论了引起电参数变化的机理。结果表明,经过两轮150Gy(Si)剂量辐照及高温退火后,放大器芯片的输出偏置和输出噪声水平无明显变化,时域脉冲响应正常,-3dB带宽减小了3%左右。带宽为3款高速跨阻放大器芯片的辐射敏感参数,其变化与电离辐射在SiO₂/Si界面引起正电荷建立和界面态直接相关。辐照后的芯片仍然能够满足高带宽测试情况下的需求,150Gy(Si)为电参数和功能合格的累积剂量。     

A preliminary attempt to use radiomic features in the diagnosis of extra-articular long head biceps tendinitis

Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine - This study aims to present a radiomic application in diagnosing the long head of biceps (LHB) tendinitis. Moreover, we evaluated...     

基于图卷积的视网膜血管轮廓及高不确定度区域细化框架

针对传统卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network, CNN)受感受野大小的限制,无法直接有效地获取空间结构及全局语义等关键信息,导致宽血管边界及毛细血管区域特征提取困难,造成视网膜血管分割表现不佳的问题,提出一种基于图卷积的视网膜血管分割细化框架。该框架通过轮廓提取及不确定分析方法,选取CNN粗分割结果中潜在的误分割区域,并结合其提取的特征信息构造出合适的图数据,送入残差图卷积网络(residual graph convolutional network, Res-GCN)二次分类,得到视网膜血管细化分割结果。该框架可以作为一个即插即用模块接入任意视网膜血管分割网络的末端,具有高移植性和易用性的特点。实验分别选用U型网络(U-neural network, U-Net)及其代表性改进网络DenseU-Net和AttU-Net作为基准网络,在DRIVE、STARE和CHASEDB1数据集上进行测试,本文框架的Sp分别为98.28%、99.10%和99.04%,Pr分别为87.97%、88.87%和90.25%,证明其具有提升基准网络分割效果的细化能力。     

Sufficient Utilization of Mn2+/Mn3+/Mn4+ Redox in NASICON Phosphate Cathodes towards High-Energy Na-Ions Batteries

Na superionic conductor of Na₃MnTi(PO₄)₃ only containing high earth-abundance elements is regarded as one of the most promising cathodes for the applicable Na-ion batteries due to its desirable cycling stability and high safety. However, the voltage hysteresis caused by Mn²⁺ ions resided in Na⁺ vacancies has led to significant capacity loss associated with Mn reaction centers between 2.5–4.2 V. Herein, the sodium excess strategy based on charge compensation is applied to suppress the undesirable voltage hysteresis, thereby achieving sufficient utilization of the Mn²⁺/Mn³⁺ and Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ redox couples. These findings indicate that the sodium excess Na_3.5MnTi_0.5Ti_0.5(PO₄)₃ cathode with Ti⁴⁺ reduction has a lowest Mn²⁺ occupation on the Na⁺ vacancies in its initial composition, which can improve the kinetics properties, finally contributing to a suppressed voltage hysteresis. Based on these findings, it is further applied the sodium excess route on a Mn-richer phosphate cathode, which enables the suppressed voltage hysteresis and more reversible capacity. Consequently, this developed Na_3.6Mn_1.15Ti_0.85(PO₄)₃ cathode achieved a high energy density over 380 Wh kg⁻¹ (based on active substance mass of cathode) in full-cell configurations, which is not only superior to most of the phosphate cathodes, but also delivers more application potential than the typical oxides cathodes for Na-ion batteries.     

Biomimetic Aerogel for Moisture-Induced Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Electronic Skin

Moisture–electric generator (MEG)-based blue energy is widely studied. There is still a significant challenge in improving the power of the MEGs system and expanding its application in self-powered electronic skin. Inspired by the structure of ferns, a biomimetic moisture–electric aerogel is designed to collect energy. Polyvinyl alcohol dendritic colloids act as “roots” and “stems” to provide support and channels to transport water molecules. Meanwhile, “leaf-like” graphene oxide sheets generate electricity through direct interaction with water. Besides, based on the above biomimetic structure, this work further enhances the output performance of MEGs by increasing the specific surface area (120.4 m² g⁻¹) and introducing an ultra-high ion density gradient (from −35 to +37 mV). Meanwhile, due to the excellent water absorption, the MEGs show good salt resistance and cyclic stability. By constructing unique biomimetic structures, ultra-high ion density gradient, and regulating environmental conditions, a high-performance MEG is obtained, including ultra-high open-circuit voltage (1.9 V) and short-circuit current (82.5 µA), the industry-leading power density among MEGs with continuous output is reported in the literature (22.55 µW cm⁻²). Besides, the MEGs can accurately respond to environmental and pressure changes, showing its application potential in self-powered electronic skin.     

Pre-Activation of CO2 at Cobalt Phthalocyanine-Mg(OH)2 Interface for Enhanced Turnover Rate

Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) anchored on heterogeneous scaffold has drawn great attention as promising electrocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR), but the molecule/substrate interaction is still pending for clarification and optimization to maximize the reaction kinetics. Herein, a CO₂RR catalyst is fabricated by affixing CoPc onto the Mg(OH)₂ substrate primed with conductive carbon, demonstrating an ultra-low overpotential of 0.31 ± 0.03 V at 100 mA cm⁻² and high faradaic efficiency of >95% at a wide current density range for CO production, as well as a heavy-duty operation at 100 mA cm⁻² for more than 50 h in a membrane electrode assembly. Mechanistic investigations employing in situ Raman and attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy unravel that Mg(OH)₂ plays a pivotal role to enhance the CO₂RR kinetics by facilitating the first-step electron transfer to form anionic *CO₂⁻ intermediates. DFT calculations further elucidate that introducing Lewis acid sites help to polarize CO₂ molecules absorbed at the metal centers of CoPc and consequently lower the activation barrier. This work signifies the tailoring of catalyst-support interface at molecular level for enhancing the turnover rate of CO₂RR.     

Modulating Backbone Conjugation of Polymeric Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters for High-Efficiency Blue OLEDs

Blue conjugated polymers-based OLEDs with both high efficiency and low efficiency roll-off are under big challenge. Herein, a strategy of local conjugation is proposed to construct high-efficiency blue-emitting conjugated polymers, in which the conjugation degree of polymeric backbones is adjusted by inserting different spacers. In this way, the energy level of triplet state and the energy transfer direction of the polymeric main-chains can be effectively regulated. Benefiting from such fine regulation, the prepared alternative copolymers Alt-PB36 with local conjugated main-chains can better suppress the accumulation of long-lived triplet excitons comparing with the complete conjugated polymers. The higher PLQY of Alt-PB36 also verifies the effective energy transfer from the polymeric main-chains to the TADF units. Accordingly, Alt-PB36 based solution-processed OLEDs achieve an EQE_max of 11.6% and a very low efficiency roll-off of 2.8% at 100 cd m⁻² and 15.2% at 500 cd m⁻². This result represents the best efficiency among blue light-emitting conjugated polymer-based OLEDs so far under high luminance.     

边界信息保持的全染色肾脏切片多粒度分割

目的 肾小球图像的准确分割对肾脏病理学的疾病诊断和定量分析起到关键作用,然而全染色肾脏切片图像存在由肾小球个体差异大导致的空间尺度和上下文形状变化大,以及图像分辨率过高的问题,给高精度、高性能分割任务带来挑战。为此,提出一种边界信息保持的全染色肾脏切片多粒度分割方法。方法 使用一种多粒度上下文的空间注意力机制生成多粒度和多形状变化的空间注意力图,以限制上下文特征,减弱背景对目标的影响,强化网络对目标的感知能力,使网络更多地关注小目标特征;将原图像切分为若干小图来解决全染色图像分辨率高的问题,使用增广路径边界补零策略处理卷积核存在的贡献偏移效应,解决了肾小球目标处于图像边界所导致的分割困难问题,保证图像块的信息无损失地向高层传递,提高处于图像块边界的肾小球目标的分割精度;进一步地,针对图像块拼接带来的边缘肾小球容易漏检、计算开销大的问题,采用特征复用的概率累积滑窗策略,同时提高了分割精度和效率。结果 在小鼠肾脏细胞切片和HuBMAP（human biomolecular atlas program）人体肾脏数据上,本文方法提高了分割精度,并使预测速度提高50%左右。结论 对于全染色肾脏切片的肾小球分割问题,多粒度上下文特征和增广路径边界补零策略解决了边界区域肾小球目标分割困难、分割精度低的问题,并通过概率累积滑窗策略提高分割速度,相较传统的分割方法有更优秀的性能。