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11.
Wear phenomena accompanying cylindrical grinding were investigated directly from the wear particles removed from the wheel. The self-dressing mechanism was identified from the wear particle size distribution. 相似文献
12.
In the current research, organic solar cells (OSCs) with various concentrations of pentacene in Poly(ethylenedioxythiopene):Poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) interface layer were investigated for better hole extraction. The ITO/Pentacene?+?PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/Al-fabricated solar cell fabricated via brush coating provides superior photovoltaic, electrical and optical characteristics when compared with the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/Al solar cell. The ITO/Pentacene?+?PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/Al solar cells deliver a VOC ~350?mV and 2.57% efficiency. It is observed that the optimized concentration of pentacene doping in PEDOT:PSS layer, along with an active layer of P3HT and PC60BM, doubles the efficiency of the device, when compared with pristine PEDOT:PSS layer. The degradation studies of the fabricated bulk heterojunction OSCs reveal that the degrading abilities of ITO/Pentacene?+?PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/Al solar cells are 60% more better than those of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/Al devices. Thus, this work will ultimately contribute toward fully solution processed painted device, which will provide low-cost manufacturing and improved stability of pentacene-based organic photovoltaics. 相似文献
13.
Mohan Lal Khanna 《Solar Energy》1967,11(3-4):142-144
An arrangement for heating with solar energy by means of a heat exchanger and storage coupled to the two water heaters has been described*. In the present paper, the amount of the heat transferred from water to air in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger and the temperature of the outgoing air have been estimated by considering various parameters, viz. flow rate and temperature of incoming air, temperature of incoming and outgoing water, length and diameter of tubes, etc. Both natural and forced convection mode of heat transfer have been considered.
Under boundary conditions of free convection, heat transfer would be rapid and efficient with a possible reduction in the pipe length. The maximum permissible limit of pressure drop per foot of each tube for pipes of different diameters at different Reynolds numbers has been given.
As conditions of drying vary from material to material, the data presented will help in arriving at the final design of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger to be used in drying a particular material. 相似文献
14.
K.M. Gangotri Om Prakash Regar Chhagan Lal Prashant Kalla Kishna Ram Genwa Rajni Meena 《国际能源研究杂志》1996,20(7):581-585
Photogalvanic effects were studied in a photogalvanic cell containing toluidine blue, glucose and tergitol-7 as a photosensitizer, reductant and surfactant, respectively. The photocurrent and photopotential generated by this system were 70 μA and 315 mV, respectively. The effects of different parameters on the electrical output of the cell were observed. Current/voltage characteristics of the cell have also been studied, and a mechanism has been proposed for the generation of photocurrent in photogalvanic cell. 相似文献
15.
Development of a method employing reversed‐phase thin‐layer chromatography for establishing milk fat purity with respect to adulteration with vegetable oils 下载免费PDF全文
Neelam Upadhyay Anil Kumar Gopal Rathod Ankit Goyal Darshan Lal 《International Journal of Dairy Technology》2015,68(2):207-217
A systematic study was conducted using reversed‐phase thin‐layer chromatography wherein unsaponifiable matter of samples namely, pure cow and buffalo milk fats, vegetable oils (groundnut oil, soya bean oil and sunflower oil) and milk fats adulterated with vegetable oils (≥1%) were run along with the reference standards using two new solvent systems to detect adulteration in milk fat. The results of the study revealed that adulteration at even a 1% level could easily be detected using this rapid, reliable and reproducible method based on the presence of β‐sitosterol as a marker and some additional spots ascribable to their occurrence in vegetable oils only. 相似文献
16.
Cornelius B. Bavoh Bhajan Lal Omar Nashed Muhammad S. Khan Lau K. Keong Mohd. Azmi Bustam 《中国化学工程学报》2016,24(11):1619-1624
Recently ionic liquids(ILs) are introduced as novel dual function gas hydrate inhibitors. However, no desired gas hydrate inhibition has been reported due to poor IL selection and/or tuning method. Trial error as well as selection based on existing literature are the methods currently employed for selecting and/or tuning ILs. These methods are probabilistic, time consuming, expensive and may not result in selecting high performance ILs for gas hydrate mitigation. In this work, COSMO-RS is considered as a prescreening tool of ILs for gas hydrate mitigation by predicting the hydrogen bonding energies(E_(HB)) of studied IL inhibitors and comparing the predicted E_(HB) to the depression temperature(?) and induction time. Results show that, predicted EHBand chain length of ILs strongly relate and significantly affect the gas hydrate inhibition depression temperature but correlate moderately(R = 0.70) with average induction time in literature. It is deduced from the results that, ? increases with increasing IL EHBand/or decreases with increasing chain length. However, the cation–anion pairing of ILs also affects IL gas hydrate inhibition performance. Furthermore, a visual and better understanding of IL/water behavior for gas hydrate inhibition in terms of hydrogen bond donor and acceptor interaction analysis is also presented by determining the sigma profile and sigma potential of studied IL cations and anions used for gas hydrate mitigation for easy IL selection. 相似文献
17.
Shiv Lal 《Applied Solar Energy》2014,50(1):37-43
The solar chimney is a passive solar system which can be used for enhance the natural ventilation and space conditioning of a building. A solar chimney design is modified and installed at CBRI Roorkee (29.87° N 77.88° E), India. A Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software is used for prediction of velocity and temperature in Modified solar chimney (MSC) and evaluating the Air Change per hour (ACH), which is validated through experimental and theoretical counterpart and found a good agreement between them. From the result of thermal performance analysis, it is found that MSC generates 2.39–7.13 ACH in experimental room in month of May 2013, when outdoor solar radiation was in the range of 250–612 W/m2. Due to this ACH, the room temperature is dropped by 2–4°C as compared to reference room temperature. The parametric study shows that the optimum glass tilt angle estimated by 5 degree for highest performance consideration of MSC. The air gap is optimised by 60 mm and air gap to inlet opening height ratio is optimised by 0.2. 相似文献
18.
A new method of measurement of series resistance Rs and shunt resistance Rsh of a silicon solar cell is presented. The method is based on the single exponential model and utilizes the steady state illuminated I–V characteristics in third and fourth quadrants and the Voc–Isc characteristics of the cell. It enables determination of values of Rsh and Rs with the intensity of illumination. For determination of Rs it does not require Rsh to be assumed infinite and realistic values of Rsh can be used. The method is very convenient to use and in the present study it has been applied to silicon solar cells having finite values of Rsh. We have found that Rsh is independent of intensity but the Rs decreases with both the intensity of illumination and the junction voltage. 相似文献
19.
Wireless Personal Communications - Privacy issue has become a crucial concern in internet of things (IoT) applications ranging from home appliances to vehicular networks. RFID system has found... 相似文献
20.