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71.
Jim Spohrer Laura C. Anderson Norman J. Pass Tryg Ager Daniel Gruhl 《Journal of Grid Computing》2008,6(3):313-324
This paper is a first exploration of the relationship between service science and Grid computing. Service science is the study
of value co-creation interactions among entities, known as service systems. Within the emerging service science community,
service is often defined as the application of competences (resources) for the benefit of another. Grid computing is the study
of resource sharing among entities, known as virtual organizations, which solve complex business, societal, scientific, and
engineering problems. Within the Grid computing community, service is sometimes defined as protocols plus behavior. Both Grid
computing and service science are connecting academic, industry, government, and volunteer sector collaborators on a range
of projects including eScience, healthcare, environmental sustainability, and more. This paper compares and contrasts the
notions of resource, entity, service, interaction, and success criteria for the two areas of study. In conclusion, new areas
for collaborative inquiry are proposed. 相似文献
72.
Brick masons and mason tenders report a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), many of which can be prevented with changes in materials, work equipment or work practices. To explore the use of "best practices" in the masonry industry, NIOSH organized a 2-day meeting of masonry stakeholders. Attendees included 30 industry representatives, 5 health and safety researchers, 4 health/safety specialists, 2 ergonomic consultants, and 2 representatives of state workers' compensation programs. Small groups discussed ergonomic interventions currently utilized in the masonry industry, including factors affecting intervention implementation and ways to promote diffusion of interventions. Meeting participants also identified various barriers to intervention implementation, including business considerations, quality concerns, design issues, supply problems, jobsite conditions and management practices that can slow or limit intervention diffusion. To be successful, future diffusion efforts must not only raise awareness of available solutions but also address these practical concerns. 相似文献
73.
The present study examined differences in isometric muscle capacity between older (55-65 years) and younger (18 - 25 years) individuals. A total of 24 younger and 24 older participants (gender balanced within each group) performed sustained shoulder abductions and torso extensions to exhaustion at 30%, 50% and 70% of individual maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Along with endurance time, manifestations of localized fatigue were determined based on changes in surface electromyographic signals obtained from the shoulder (middle deltoid) and the torso (multifidus and longissimus thoracis) muscles. Strength recovery was monitored using post-fatigue MVCs over a 15-min period. Compared to the younger group, older individuals exhibited lower muscular strength, longer endurance time and slower development of local fatigue. Age effects on fatigue were typically moderated by effort level, while effects of gender appeared to be marginal. Non-linear relationships between target joint torque and endurance time were observed, with effects of age differing between shoulder abduction and torso extension. Overall, the effects of age on endurance and fatigue were more substantial and more consistent for the shoulder muscle than for the torso muscles and were likely related to differences in muscle fibre type composition. For strength recovery rates, no significant age or gender effects were found in either experiment. In summary, this study suggests that differences in isometric work capacity do exist between older and younger individuals, but that this effect is influenced by effort level and the muscle tested. 相似文献
74.
Jobs in many modern settings, including manufacturing, service, agriculture and construction, are variable in their content and timing. This prompts the need for exposure assessment methods that do not assume regular work cycles. A scheme is presented for classifying levels of routinization to inform development of an appropriate exposure assessment strategy for a given occupational setting. Five levels of routinization have been defined based on the tasks of which the job is composed: 1) a single scheduled task with a regular work cycle; 2) multiple cyclical tasks; 3) a mix of cyclical and non-cyclical tasks; 4) one non-cyclical task; 5) multiple non-cyclical tasks. This classification, based primarily on job observation, is illustrated through data from a study of automobile manufacturing workers (n = 1200), from which self-assessed exposures to physical and psychosocial stressors were also obtained. In this cohort, decision latitude was greater with higher routinization level (p < 0.0001), and the least routinized jobs showed the lowest self-reported exposure to physical ergonomic stressors. The job analysis checklist developed for non-routinized jobs is presented, and limitations of the task analysis method utilized in the study are discussed. A work sampling approach to job analysis is recommended as the most efficient way to obtain a comparable unbiased exposure estimate across all routinization levels. 相似文献
75.
The U.S. Geological Survey evaluated 20 years of total phosphorus (P) and total nitrogen (N) concentration data for 18 Lake Champlain tributaries using a new statistical method based on weighted regressions to estimate daily concentration and flux histories based on discharge, season, and trend as explanatory variables. The use of all the streamflow discharge values for a given date in the record, in a process called “flow-normalization”, removed the year-to-year variation due to streamflow and generated a smooth time series from which trends were calculated. This approach to data analysis can be of great value to evaluations of the success of restoration efforts because it filters out the large random fluctuations in the flux that are due to the temporal variability in streamflow. Results for the full 20 years of record showed a mixture of upward and downward trends for concentrations and yields of P and N. When the record was broken into two 10-year periods, for many tributaries, the more recent period showed a reversal in N from upward to downward trends and a similar reversal or reduction in magnitude of upward trends for P. Some measures of P and N concentrations and yields appear to be related to intensity of agricultural activities, point-source loads of P, or population density. Total flow-normalized P flux aggregated from the monitored tributaries showed a decrease of 30 metric tons per year from 1991 to 2009, which is about 15% of the targeted reduction established by the operational management plan for the Lake Champlain Basin. 相似文献
76.
In this research we study the multi-product Economic Lot Scheduling Problem (ELSP) with manufacturing and remanufacturing opportunities. Manufacturing and remanufacturing operations are performed on the same production line. Both manufactured and remanufactured products have the same quality thus they fulfil the same demand stream. Tang and Teunter (2006) firstly studied this type of Economic Lot Scheduling Problem with Returns (ELSPR) and presented a complex algorithm for the optimal solution. More recently Teunter, Tang, and Kaparis (2009) proposed several heuristics to deal with the same problem using more computational efficient approaches. However, both studies have limited the attention to the common cycle policy with the assumption that a single (re)manufacturing lot is used for each item in each cycle. Relaxing the constraint of common cycle time and a single (re)manufacturing lot for each item in each cycle, we propose a simple, easy to implement algorithm, based on Segerstedt (1999), to solve the model using a basic period policy. Several numerical examples show the applicability of the algorithm and the cost savings. 相似文献
77.
Chad C. Tossell Philip Kortum Clayton Shepard Laura H. Barg-Walkow Ahmad Rahmati Lin Zhong 《Computers in human behavior》2012
Our goal in the present study was to understand how emoticons are used in text messaging and, in particular, how genders differed in the frequency and variety of emoticons used via this medium. Previous research has found small and sundry differences in emotive expression online suggesting that technology has closed the gender gap. However, the data collected in these studies were public. In this study, we collected real portions of private communications data from individuals’ smartphones over a 6-month period. SMS messages, in general, were not used very much overall, with only 4% of all messages containing at least one emoticon. Still, differences between genders manifested in the amount and variety of emoticons used. Females sent more messages with emoticons; however, surprisingly, males used a more diverse range of emoticons. 相似文献
78.
José D. Martín Guerrero Daniele Marcelli Emilio Soria-Olivas Flavio Mari José María Martínez-Martínez Isabel Soley Bech Marcelino Martínez-Sober Laura Scatizzi Juan Gómez-Sanchis Andrea Stopper Antonio José Serrano-López Emanuele Gatti 《Expert systems with applications》2012,39(10):8793-8798
Evaluation of patient satisfaction has become an important indicator for assessing health care quality. Fresenius Medical Care (FME) as a global provider of dialysis services through its NephroCare network has a strong interest in monitoring patient satisfaction.The aim of the paper is to test and validate a methodology for detecting a residual area of low satisfaction in dialysis patients.The FME Patient Satisfaction Programme questionnaire was distributed to haemodialysis (HD) patients treated in 335 centers of its network. It contained 79 questions covering various satisfaction aspects regarding Dialysis Unit, Dialysis Arrangement, Nurses, Doctors, etc.To analyse the data provided by the questionnaire, the Self-Organising Map (SOM) method was used. SOM is a neural network model for clustering and projecting high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional space, preserving topological relationships of original high-dimensional data spaces.10,632 HD patients completed the questionnaire. Mean age was 63.05 ± 14.93 years with 56.69% males. Response rate was 66%. Overall level of satisfaction was 1.99 (range from ?3 to +3). On average patients were very satisfied with all issues. Nevertheless, a group of patients, around 60 years old, balanced gender ratio, whose level of satisfaction was lower than 1, were highlighted.In the NephroCare clinics patient satisfaction with service is rather high. While traditional analysis usually stops here, the SOM method allows identification of areas of potential improvement for specific patient groups. 相似文献
79.
Mikels Joseph A.; Larkin Gregory R.; Reuter-Lorenz Patricia A.; Cartensen Laura L. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,20(4):542
Working memory mediates the short-term maintenance of information. Virtually all empirical research on working memory involves investigations of working memory for verbal and visual information. Whereas aging is typically associated with a deficit in working memory for these types of information, recent findings suggestive of relatively well-preserved long-term memory for emotional information in older adults raise questions about working memory for emotional material. This study examined age differences in working memory for emotional versus visual information. Findings demonstrate that, despite an age-related deficit for the latter, working memory for emotion was unimpaired. Further, older adults exhibited superior performance on positive relative to negative emotion trials, whereas their younger counterparts exhibited the opposite pattern. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
80.
Schopp Laura H.; Johnstone Brick; Reid-Arndt Stephanie 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,36(2):158
Rural psychologists are frontline primary behavioral health care providers for nearly 60 million Americans, but they face limited access to peer consultation and continuing education. This article describes a program that matched 70 rehabilitation inpatients who had new brain injury with rural clinicians from patients' home communities. Neuropsychologists provided one-on-one training for clinicians through telehealth video teleconferencing. Clinicians showed gains in brain injury knowledge, and clients rated trained providers higher than untrained providers. Families seeking brain injury services can connect with these trained rural providers through a Web site, which receives more than 800 hits per month. Telehealth offers potential for rural clinicians to receive support, reduce professional isolation, gain working knowledge of specialty conditions, and deliver high-quality services for their rural clients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献