Fine Structure in NMR Correlation Spectroscopy

A simplified treatment of two-dimensional homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is proposed, based on a vector model and a consideration of the disturbance of energy level populations caused by the pulse sequence. It predicts the properties of diagonal and crosspeaks in the same manner as the more rigorous product operator treatment. Methods of studying the fine structure of COSY crosspeaks are discussed with a particular emphasis on the extraction of coupling constants when the splittings are poorly resolved. Three new schemes are described for the accurate measurement of couplings; they are called “J-extension”, “J-deconvolution”, and “J-doubling”. All three rely on processing the experimental time-domain signals with simple trigonometrical functions, followed by Fourier transformation. The J-deconvolution and J-doubling methods lend themselves to automated analysis by computer. These procedures can be applied to either active or passive couplings and yield an accuracy of ±0.04 Hz in the cases studied. J-deconvolution may be implemented repetitively in order to reduce a COSY crosspeak to a single absorption peak at the chemical shift coordinates.     

Teacher preferences for service delivery: A look at attribution research.

Reviews the literature on teacher attributions and discusses the relevance of causal attributions to teacher preferences for service delivery (i.e., referral for psychoeducational assessment, consultation). Literature is reviewed in the context of B. Weiner's (see record 1979-28688-001) proposed dimensions of causality. In addition, practical implications for this literature are discussed, and future research endeavors exploring the relationship between causal attributions and preferences for service delivery are outlined. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Esters of L-dopa: structure-hydrolysis relationships and ability to induce circling behaviour in an experimental model of hemiparkinsonism

A number of carboxylate esters of L-dopa, some of which are novel, were examined for their physicochemical and biological properties. A few esters of tyrosine and phenylalanine were included for comparison. The compounds displayed great differences in their lipophilicity and stability towards chemical and enzymatic (human plasma) hydrolysis. Within subseries, relationships exist between structural properties and rate constants of chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis. In an experimental model of hemiparkinsonism (circling behaviour in rats), some of the L-dopa esters (the isopropyl, sec-butyl and 2-(tetrahydropyranyl)methyl esters) showed an activity distinctly greater than that of L-dopa, although the difference was not statistically significant.     

Misunderstanding of multiculturalism: Shouting fire in crowded theaters.

Comments on B. J. Fowers and F. C. Richardson's (see record 83-30335) article on the psychological construct of multiculturalism. It is stressed that the multicultural agenda is to stop imposing any one group's cultural values on all others, whether Eurocentric or not. The existence of separatist movements within multiculturalism should not be surprising, given a cultural context that has often been hostile to persons of color. The intercultural dialog that Fowers and Richardson advocate may be difficult to accomplish if are assumed to not desire a dialog. The interactions between the majority culture and multiculturalism have been primarily a majority monolog. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cued activation of relational schemas: Self-evaluation and gender effects.

In two studies, men's and women's self-evaluative responses following presentation of rejection and acceptance cues were examined. Two different conditioning procedures were utilized to associate computer-generated tones with images of social rejection or acceptance. When these tones were played later in a self-evaluative situation, women tended to respond to rejection cues by becoming more self-critical, and to acceptance cues by becoming less self-critical. On some indicators, men responded in the opposite fashion. These findings are discussed in light of recent analyses of gender differences in the sources of self-esteem. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Guest Editor’s Introduction

Network design permeates every corner of modern communication research and continues to provide new algorithmic challenges. In this issue we present eight papers on designing the physical layout of new networks and designing protocols for efficient information delivery on existing networks. The contribution of these papers is not limited to the solutions they present, but also the new problems they introduce.     

The Hyatt Regency Decision: One View

The 442‐page administrative law judge's decision recommending suspension or revocation of the Kansas City Hyatt structural engineers' professional engineering licenses has been viewed differently by the various people who have read and commented upon it. This paper is one view regarding the appropriateness of the decision and the implications of the decision for professional practice. The cause of the pedestrian walkway collapse is discussed and the administrative hearing commission proceedings are reviewed. Recommendations for improved professional practices and attitudes are presented.     

Working models of attachment and daily social interactions.

This study tested whether working models of attachment guide how people construe and respond to social interactions by examining immediate responses to a range of everyday interactions and to specific attachment-relevant interactions. Patterns for immediate reports were compared with those for more memory-based, global reports. Secure, preoccupied, fearful, and dismissing participants provided immediate reports after their social interactions for 1 week and completed retrospective questionnaires. Attachment differences were accentuated in attachment-relevant, high-conflict interactions. Preoccupied participants responded more favorably after conflict than did secure or dismissing-avoidant participants. Immediate and retrospective patterns diverged in important ways. How working models contribute to perceptions may depend on the fit between attachment goals and the situation and on the extent of memory-based processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Parenting Scale: A measure of dysfunctional parenting in discipline situations.

Designed a rating scale to measure dysfunctional discipline practices in parents of young children. Three stable factors of dysfunctional discipline style were identified: (1) Laxness, (2) Overreactivity, and (3) Verbosity. The Parenting Scale exhibited adequate internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Mothers of clinic children reported more dysfunctional parenting than did mothers of nonclinic children. Parenting Scale scores were related to maternal ratings of child behavior and marital discord. Most important, Parenting Scale scores correlated significantly with observational measures of dysfunctional discipline and child misbehavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)