舞钢14Cr1MoR类高性能容器钢板的研发历程

14Cr1MoR类钢具有良好的抗回火脆化性能、优良的低温冲击韧性及耐腐蚀性,在煤化工行业的关键核心设备制造上得到广泛应用.针对技术要求持续加严等事实,通过简要回顾舞钢14Cr1MoR类钢板研究背景和开发过程,着重介绍了钢种的技术发展趋势、实物质量水平和供货业绩,对舞钢生产14Cr1MoR类钢板的市场推广和应用具有积极意义,可供设计院和下游制造厂在设计选材时参考借鉴.     

Yb∶LuScO_3晶体的超精密光学加工及其激光性能

Yb∶LuScO_3晶体作为固体激光器的新型增益介质,其面形和表面质量严重影响激光器的光束质量,因此探索Yb∶LuScO_3晶体的超精度光学加工工艺参数具有重要意义。本文系统开展了Yb∶LuScO_3晶体超精密光学加工的工艺参数研究,针对Yb∶LuScO_3晶体在加工过程中容易破裂和表面质量较差的问题,提出了拼接上盘和树脂铜盘抛光垫的关键技术。首先,使用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元软件对拼接工艺中选取的不同保护垫料的应力进行仿真。接着,研磨阶段逐步减小B_4C磨料的粒径。然后,粗糙阶段使用树脂铜盘作为抛光垫,并对树脂铜盘抛光垫的作用进行了分析。最后,使用激光二极管泵浦加工好的样品进行激光输出实验。实验结果表明:基于该技术加工后的晶体表面粗糙度RMS=0.296 nm,面形精度PV=53 nm。在1 086 nm处获得了8.3 W的连续激光输出,斜效率为58%。该加工方法可以广泛应用于Yb∶LuScO_3晶体的高精度加工。     

聚乙二醇改性脱除煤沥青中3,4-苯并芘

以聚乙二醇为改性剂,研究在溶剂条件下降低煤沥青中3,4-苯并芘的工艺。研究表明,当混合溶剂V环己烷∶V甲苯=2∶1为反应溶剂、硫酸用量为煤沥青质量的6.67%、聚乙二醇600用量为煤沥青质量的10%、反应温度为80℃、反应时间为5h时,3,4-苯并芘降低率为85.59%。     

NIR光谱法快速分析总黄酮醇苷和萜类内酯

采用NIR法和化学计量学方法构建了银杏叶片中的总黄酮醇苷和萜类内酯含量的定量分析模型。通过PLS建立数学模型,并对预测集样品进行预测。39份样品经交叉验证建立校正模型,RSMECV分别为0.104和0.063。R分别为0.978 8和0.961 9。用13份样品进行预测,R达0.919 9和0.931 8,RSMEP分别为0.107和0.105。该方法简便快速,结果准确,可应用于不同批次银杏叶片样品的进行快速检查或质量控制。     

火花塞陶瓷绝缘体高温分流电阻的研究

火花塞陶瓷绝缘体的高温分流电阻会影响火花塞的使用性能和寿命,笔者研究了氧化铝中Na2O含量、配方组成和烧结温度对火花塞陶瓷绝缘体高温分流电阻的影响。结果表明:随着氧化铝原材料中Na2O含量的增加,试样的高温分流电阻逐渐降低;在配方组成中,当CaO的含量由33%增加至40%,氧化铝原材料中Na2O含量为0.1%时,试样在500℃时的分流电阻由517MΩ提升至1 192MΩ;烧结温度低于1 580℃时,试样的高温分流电阻较低。     

供热用汽水换热器运行故障分析与处理措施

针对传统汽水换热器所出现的换热管与管板焊接接头泄漏问题,从换热器结构入手,通过改变饱和蒸汽的流动方式,增设防止蒸汽冲刷换热管接头的外导流筒,以及增加膨胀节,防止高温蒸汽对接头的直接冲刷,有效地降低换热管与管板焊接接头的拉脱力及应力水平,获得良好的使用效果。     

鹤壁烟煤地下气化模型试验研究

通过自行研制的煤炭地下气化模拟试验系统,采用富氧空气/水蒸气两阶段气化工艺,完成了鹤壁煤的地下气化模型试验。文章就试验不同阶段的煤气组成、热值变化和气化过程的稳定性特征进行分析,结果如下:鹤壁煤地下气化水煤气平均热值达11.85 MJ/m3,空气煤气热值为4—6 MJ/m3,水煤气中氢气最高体积分数超过80%,相应的煤气热值达到12.91 MJ/m3;适当增大鼓风量有利于高温温度场的快速建立与恢复,试验条件下,最佳鼓风量为20 m3/h,最佳蒸汽流量为0.26 m3/h。试验为煤炭地下气化制氢提供了有力依据。     

角蛋白与聚合硫酸铁复配体系处理选煤废水的研究

采用单因素实验方法,以选煤废水为研究对象,将鸡毛角蛋白助剂与聚合硫酸铁复配体系用于选煤废水处理,研究复配体系对选煤废水的处理效果。结果表明:复配体系的最佳配置为鸡毛角蛋白助剂0.2 g/L,聚合硫酸铁0.025 g/L,且该复配体系实现了在碱性条件下高效处理选煤废水。该复配体系处理选煤废水的最佳工艺条件为:室温下,选煤废水在pH值为7~8的条件下,投加角蛋白复配体系并搅拌,搅拌速度为120 r/min,反应后沉降30 min,此时,SS(固体悬浮物)去除率达到92%以上。     

Synthesis and application of an alternative plasticizer Di(2‐Ethylhexyl)‐1,2‐cyclohexane dicarboxylate

Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid esters are environmentally friendly and non‐toxic plasticizers, and have similar performance with phthalates which have potential toxicity to human health. In this article, di(2‐ethylhexyl)‐1,2‐cyclohexane dicarboxylate (DEHCH) was synthesized via esterification between hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) with iso‐octanol by using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The effects of reaction parameters on esterification were studied by investigating the temperature, reaction time, molar ratio of iso‐octanol‐to‐HHPA, and catalyst content. Conversions of HHPA to esters were determined. Functional group analysis was conducted by using FTIR and ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy. PVC compounds after addition of the synthesized plasticizer DEHCH presented similar plasticizing performance with DEHP and DINCH, as demonstrated by comparisons of the results of mechanical properties, transparency, and volatilization and migration tests obtained for plasticized PVC compounds. DEHCH can also be considered as an alternative plasticizer for DEHP. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39763.     

Electrospun polyvinyl alcohol/waterborne polyurethane composite nanofibers involving cellulose nanofibers

TEMPO‐oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNs) were used as nanofillers in this work. Composite nanofibers of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/waterborne polyurethane (WPU) reinforced with TOCNs were produced by electrospinning. The reinforcing capability of TOCNs was investigated by tensile tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry analyses were also carried out in order to characterize the appearance, crystallinity, and reinforcing effect of the cellulose nanofibers. SEM results showed that PVA/WPU/TOCNs composite nanofibers presented a highly homogeneous dispersion of TOCNs. The reinforced composites had about 44% increase in their mechanical properties with addition of only 5 wt % of TOCNs while about 42% decrease in elongation at break. The TOCNs reinforced composite nanofibers were more thermally stable than pure PVA/WPU nanofibers. The development of crystalline structure in the composite fibers was observed by XRD. Since PVA, WPU, and TOCNs are hydrophilic, non‐toxic, and biocompatible, and therefore, these nanocomposite nanofibers could be used for tissue scaffolding, filtration materials, and medical industries as wound dressing materials. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41051.