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91.
Microreactors offer several advantages compared to the industrial scale when developing new chemical processes. Especially the production and investment costs are low if polymer microreactors are generated by ultrasonic processes. In order to observe the chemical reaction and the flow configuration, these microreactors need to be optically transparent, mechanically stable, and chemically inert to several reagents. The manufacturing process of a transparent polymer plate reactor with a chemically inert surface coating by ultrasonic fabrication is described. Experimental characterization of the microreactors showed that they are leak tight up to a pressure difference of at least 300 kPa and the mixing times are in the range of milliseconds.  相似文献   
92.
A key process to package goods is the closure procedure. It ensures the good protection against the environment and vice versa. Ultrasonic sealing presents the advantage of converting locally ultrasound into heat, which is optimal for temperature sensitive goods. The disadvantages remain, however, the equipment cost, the noise generation, and the process sensitivity to materials. It is necessary to develop a sealing process to decrease the acquisition cost of the sealing equipment and cover a wide range of polymer films. This paper focuses on a new sealing method based on high-intensity focused ultrasound. The principles and characteristics of this process are discussed and underpinned with experimental results. Both the acoustic and thermal effects of the sealing process are summarized. A study of the process parameter impact on the seam strength in static and dynamic operating is proposed. Low-density polyethylene films with a carrier layer of bi-oriented polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate are used. A first test bench generates point-shaped seam. The heat generation is recorded with an infrared thermography system. A second test bench, a horizontal form fill and seal machine, produces longitudinal seams. The seam quality is controlled by tensile test and tightness test. A quick heating of the polymer films is found. Point seams and longitudinal seams are successfully generated. The seams behave similarly to the ones generated with ultrasonic sealing process. However, the sealing velocity is limited to 3 m/min. This work provides a summary of the characteristics and principles of the new sealing method in packaging applications.  相似文献   
93.
94.
The main aim of this experimental work is to find out possible improvement in thermal protective performance of firefighter protective clothing when subjected to different level of radiant heat flux density. Firefighter protective clothing normally consists of three layers: outer shell, moisture barrier and thermal liner. When thermal protective performance of firefighter protective clothing is enhanced, the time of exposure against radiant heat flux is increased, which will provide extra amount of time to firefighter to carry on their work without suffering from severe skin burn injuries. In this study, the exterior side of outer shell was coated with nano-silver metallic particle through magnetron sputtering technology. Coating of outer shell with nano-silver particles was performed at three level of thickness, i.e. 1, 2 and 3?µm, respectively. All the uncoated and silver coated specimens were then characterized on air permeability tester, Permetest and radiant heat transmission machine. It was observed that coating has insignificant difference on the air and water vapor permeability of specimen and a significant decline was recorded for the value of transmitted heat flux density Qc (kW/m2) and percentage transmission factor (%TF Qo) as compared to uncoated specimen when subjected to 10 kW/m2 and 20?kW/m2 indicating improvement of thermal protective performance. These values go on further reduction with increase in thickness of coating layer of nano-silver particles.  相似文献   
95.
Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine - In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), compressed sensing (CS) enables the reconstruction of undersampled sparse data sets. Thus,...  相似文献   
96.
International Journal of Computer Vision - This work presents and evaluates a novel compact scene representation based on Stixels that infers geometric and semantic information. Our approach...  相似文献   
97.
Various hydrocarbons are efficiently extracted from water by using a new sorbent material based on covalently functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. The functionalization of the magnetite nanoparticles with a self‐assembled monolayer of hexadecylphosphonic acid renders the nanoparticles oleophilic and the magnetic nature of magnetite allows for simple extraction of the hydrocarbon‐soaked sorbent. The sorbent material is capable of extracting single contaminants such as alkanes and aromatics and complex hydrocarbon mixtures such as crude oils in high extraction rates of up to 14 times the sorbent volume. Experimental results are explained by molecular dynamics simulations on the adsorption of single components from a hydrocarbon‐water mixture to the alkylphosphonic acid layer on the nanoparticles. The core–shell sorbent material is highly stable and therefore, reusable over several successive extraction cycles without degradation. The extraction performance is determined at different water temperatures, different water sources, and different magnetic core materials and evaluated compared to heptadecanoic acid functionalized magnetite. The new sorbent material provides the opportunity for an efficient, reliable, inexpensive, and environmental friendly removal of hydrocarbons from water.  相似文献   
98.
In the processing industry, frequent faults call for assistance in diagnosis, and case‐based reasoning (CBR) can provide solutions applied by other operators in the past. This study investigated whether salient case ratings promote an uncritical acceptance of solutions. In 2 experiments, subjects diagnosed faults with a simulated CBR system, and ratings were presented in graphical or verbal format. In most trials, the case with the highest rating provided the correct solution, while in catch‐trials, it did not. Graphical ratings were hypothesized to speed up solutions but discourage cross‐checking and lead to errors in catch‐trials. These hypotheses were not confirmed, even though Experiment 2 maximized the incentive of relying on case ratings. While graphical ratings led subjects to start with the most highly rated case, they did not impair situation analysis and accuracy. The results suggest that during fault diagnosis people are not easily misled into overtrusting a CBR system.  相似文献   
99.
Tailoring patient‐specific treatments for cancer is necessary in order to achieve optimal results but requires new diagnostic approaches at affordable prices. Microfluidics has immense potential to provide solutions for this, as it enables the processing of samples that are not available in large quantities (e.g., cells from patient biopsies), is cost efficient, provides a high level of automation, and allows the set‐up of complex models for cancer studies. In this review, individual solutions in the fields of genetics, circulating tumor cell monitoring, biomarker analysis, phenotypic drug sensitivity tests, and systems providing controlled environments for disease modeling are discussed. An overview on how these early stage achievements can be combined or developed further is showcased, and the required translational steps before microfluidics becomes a routine tool for clinical applications are critically discussed.  相似文献   
100.
Kuld  Lukas  O’Hagan  John 《Scientometrics》2018,114(3):1207-1225
Scientometrics - This paper builds on previous work by reviewing the key literature relating to the rise in co-authorship in economics and by presenting further new evidence on several features of...  相似文献   
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