Synthesis,characterization, and drug release activity of structurally modified poly(vinyl alcohol)

The main aim of the present investigation is synthesis of drug‐grafted poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) for sustainable drug release in order to avoid bulk release and unwanted side effects. Here, the PVA was structurally modified with five different drug molecules in DMSO medium at 85 °C under N₂ atmosphere for 2 h. The structure of modified PVA was confirmed by FTIR and ¹H NMR spectra and further it was characterized by TGA, DSC, and SEM. The tensile strength and % elongation for the structurally modified PVA were determined. The FTIR spectrum showed peaks corresponding to the C?O and C? S stretching due to the grafted drug molecules. The ¹H NMR spectrum showed the acrylic CH₂ proton signal of PVA around 1.6 ppm. The SEM showed different surface morphology for the structurally modified PVA. The mechanical properties of the structurally modified PVA was found to be reduced due to the presence of traces of solvent molecules and the breaking of inter‐ and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The sustainable drug release through hydrolysis mechanism was tested at the pH of 7.3. Generally, the drug release followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model with Fickian drug transportation mechanism except Furosemide (Fur)‐grafted PVA system at the pH of 7.3. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46620.     

小胶质细胞对阿尔兹海默病发生发展的影响作用

阿尔兹海默病(老年性痴呆,AD)是由β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)和微管相关蛋白(Tau)聚集形成的具有毒性作用的寡聚物而引起的老年人主要以记忆力下降和脑部形成老年斑、神经纤维缠绕为特征的神经退行性疾病. 小胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统中的固有免疫细胞,是脑内免疫监视的关键成分,发挥内源性免疫防御作用. 正常生理状态的小胶质细胞能有效吞噬和清除毒性Aβ寡聚体,阻止AD发生. 在AD病理过程中,过度激活的小胶质细胞通过补体依赖途径过度吞噬突触,导致突触丧失,同时大量释放炎症因子,促进Tau相关病理变化,对神经元造成直接损伤,导致认知功能下降. 由此可见,小胶质细胞在AD发生发展过程中起着双刃剑的作用,探明小胶质细胞的极化状态及其在AD疾病机理中的作用将为攻克AD的药物研发提供突破性思路.     

pH对电沉积氧化亚铜薄膜的影响及光催化性能

以导电玻璃为阴极,在不同pH下,从含有0.083mol/LCu(CH3COO)2·H2O、0.22mol/L乳酸的电解液中电沉积合成Cu2O薄膜。研究了电解液pH对Cu2O薄膜晶体择优取向和形貌的影响。结果表明,通过调节电解液pH可合成不同择优取向和形貌的Cu2O薄膜,在pH为7～13内合成的Cu2O薄膜均具有较好的光吸收性。pH=11时,可制得具有(111)取向、结合力强、光催化活性高和稳定性好的Cu2O薄膜。Cu2O薄膜的晶面类型对薄膜催化能力有较大影响,(111)择优取向的Cu2O薄膜的光催化活性最高,反应2.5h后罗丹明B的降解率可达63%。     

注蒸汽稠油油藏汽窜防治技术

对稠油油藏注蒸汽过程中的汽窜现象、危害及产生原因等进行了调研,对注蒸汽油藏汽防治技术进行了深入探讨。分析指出,汽窜井的补救措施只能延长生产井的寿命,对汽窜的控制效果不大,不能提高蒸汽波及体积;为控制注蒸汽油藏的汽窜,应采用低廉的高温调剖剂进行中、深部调驱,以提高蒸汽驱动的纵向、平面波及系数,继而提高注蒸汽采收率。     

油气储层裂缝描述综述

随着勘探程度的提高,裂缝型油气藏在新增储量中将会占有更大的比重,储层裂缝的研究日益受到重视。在大量文献调研的基础上,研究了国内外关于储层裂缝描述研究的现状以及存在的问题,分析论述了相似露头区描述、岩心镜下观测、人工压裂实验等目前储层裂缝描述的主要技术方法,简要总结了储层裂缝的特征分类、成因以及对后期开发注水的影响。     

覆盖层氧气消耗通量模型及甲烷氧化能力预测

填埋场覆盖层生物气扩散规律和甲烷氧化能力的评估是甲烷减排研究的重要组成部分。以数值模拟方法分析了氧气在覆盖层中的扩散规律,得到了指数方程形式的氧气扩散模型(R²范围0.8941～0.9975);通过检测有机碳和甲烷浓度变化进一步考察了模拟覆盖层不同深度的甲烷氧化能力,证实了在0.05～0.25 m范围内甲烷氧化活性最高;以Fick定律和轴向扩散模型推导了模拟覆盖层中氧气消耗通量模型,该模型计算得到的氧气消耗通量与覆盖层中微生物甲烷氧化经验方程相比无显著差异;结合以上模型推演出覆盖层甲烷消耗通量模型,与实际检测值相比,预测结果理想(R²=0.9983)。该成果可为揭示填埋场覆盖层生物气扩散规律、强化甲烷氧化能力以及预测甲烷排放提供新的思路和理论依据。     

Hydrophobic mesoporous acidic resin for hydroxyalkylation/alkylation of 2‐methylfuran and ketone to high‐density biofuel

Hydroxyalkylation/alkylation of biomass‐derived 2‐methylfuran with cyclic ketones (cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone) has great potential in synthesizing high‐density biofuel. But the conversion and selectivity are still unsatisfactory because the in‐situ formed water decreases the acidity of catalyst and induces side reaction. Herein, hydrophobic mesoporous resins with sulfonic acid group (PS) and fluoride sulfonic acid group (PCS) were synthesized by a simple solvothermal reaction and ion exchange treatment, which have good mesoporous structure with surface area of 300–700 m²/g. Notably, PS and PCS have better hydrophobicity and oleophilicity as compared to widely used sulfonic acid functional amberlyst‐15 and fluoride sulfonic acid functional nafion‐212. In the hydroxyalkylation/alkylation reaction, PS shows higher activity and selectivity than amberlyst‐15 while PCS surpasses nafion‐212. Furthermore, both PS and PCS have good recycling stability in consecutive 5 runs. After hydrodeoxygenation, two high‐density biofuels with density of 0.819 and 0.825 g/mL were obtained. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 680–688, 2017     

一种新型聚酯钝感剂在发射药中的应用

采用水相钝感法工艺制备了含新型聚酯钝感剂的单基药和高能硝胺发射药,通过常规理化性能测试、密闭爆发器和加速长贮等实验研究了聚酯钝感剂对两种发射药性能的影响。结果表明,聚酯钝感剂与单基药和高能硝胺药相容性良好,具有挥发性小、抗迁移性能强等优点,能够显著提高单基药的燃烧渐增性;含聚酯钝感剂的发射药加速老化长贮实验前后,初速跳差小于10m/s,其内弹道性能几乎无变化。     

有机噻吩分子器件的研究进展

本文对分子电子学器件的发展历程作了简要回顾,着重阐述了基于有机噻吩的分子器件的研究进展,指出了噻吩分子器件研究过程中有待解决的一些问题,希望对噻吩分子器件的研究提供一个有意义的参考。     

二氯二茂锆合成方法的改进

二氯二茂锆是Kaminsky型催化体系的主催化剂,该类催化剂催化烯烃高聚的活性和等规度都很高[1],催化烯烃齐聚亦有文献报道[2,3]。二氯二茂锆也是Negishi试剂的主要组分,该试剂可用于分子内双烯的成环反应和分子间炔烃与烯烃的成环反应[4～6]。Murray报道了二氯二茂锆的合成方法,但产率较低[7];Reid等报道的合成方法虽产率较高但操作复杂,条件苛刻[8～10]。为了简化操作,缩短反应时间,提高产率,本文对合成方法进行了研究和改进。1　实验部分1.1　反应原理Na,THF室温-Na ZrCl4,甲苯室温Cp2ZrCl21.2　主要仪器与试剂XRC-1型显微熔点测定…