Synthesis and Surface Activities of Novel Monofluoroalkyl Phosphate Surfactants

Two novel environmentally friendly fluorinated surfactants, disodium monofluoroalkyl phosphates were synthesized using phosphorus pentoxide, i.e. H(CF₂)₆CH₂OPO(ONa)₂ and H(CF₂)₆CH₂OCH₂CH₂OPO(ONa)₂. The novel synthesized fluorinated surfactants have a high thermal stability on the basis of Thermogravimetric Analysis. Their surface properties were also examined with the aim to have similar surface tensions of dilute aqueous solutions when compared with the conventional fluorocarbon surfactants, ammonium perfluorooctanoate. The two synthesized monofluoroalkyl phosphates can respectively reduce the surface tension of water to 23.73 mN/m at 78.3 mmol/L and 21.38 mN/m at 20.93 mmol/L. In addition, the Krafft points are both below 0 °C.     

人工滑液在材料表面成膜的AFM图像分析

用原子力显微技术（AFM）观测复合人工滑液在材料表面形成的吸附膜的表面形貌图像,吸附膜上清晰地显示有大量的椭球形分子．该吸附膜的形成可能是复合人工滑液对人工关节材料润滑性能显著提高的一个重要因素．     

Back-analysis of viscoelastic displacements in a soft rock road tunnel

The rheological behavior of the rock proximate to excavations is of importance and practical interest for engineers in the design of soft rock tunnels. In situ rheology tests may be conducted to determine the appropriate parameters of the rock masses and the ground stress component; however, this can cost a great deal in both expense and time. Hence, it is useful to study back-analysis of viscoelastic displacements induced by the excavation of tunnels. Taking four rheological models, namely, Kelvin body, Maxwell body, Poynting–Thomson body and Kelvin–Voigt body as examples, this paper presents the basic finite element equations for such back-analysis, and the associated calculation methods for practical applications. A trial calculation method for the different models is adopted so as to obtain the most suitable rheological model and corresponding parameters. Furthermore, the authors have successfully applied the back-analysis method in a test section of a road tunnel excavated in soft rock. Compared with the direct in situ rheology tests, the back-analysis method presented by this paper is more concise and involves less money and time.     

可用于确定水平地应力分量和围岩弹性模量的TBA位移反分析法

地应力、围岩弹性模量等参数的测定是岩石力学和工程地质学的重要研究课题之一。虽然已有许多有效的测定方法，但并非都能满足工程设计的要求。因此，一种有别于传统地应力量测方法的TBA位移反分析法被提出，并对相应的基本原理和方法进行讨论。为说明TBA法的实用性，给出了在“引大入秦”和三峡船闸边坡等工程中的应用实例。     

An intelligent discontinuous control strategy for hydroelectricgenerating unit

An intelligent discontinuous control strategy for water turbine regulation is presented in this paper. Taking reliability and the static and dynamic performance of the system as the ultimate goal, it combines the classical fuzzy control theory and tri-state valve technology to form a discontinuous controller. This results in a simplified water turbine governor, both in software and hardware. The proposed control strategy greatly improves system performance and reduces the cost by totally eliminating the electro-hydraulic transducer. Simulation results show it has a satisfactory performance     

真空-压力浸渍设备的研制

真空-压力浸渍设备主要用于无线电元件、电器产品的真空加压浸渍,是现代电子产业高标准,高要求所必需的生产设备。介绍了真空-压力浸渍设备在工业浸渍中所应实现的功能流程,以及此设备的主要技术指标,介绍了其主要的机械结构设计,最后对整个设备的控制系统和软件设计也作了简单总结。     

偏光片除泡机的改进设计

本文介绍了对CPJ-1000偏光片除泡机的改进设计。对作为关键技术的高压气路控制方式设计和承压元件的有限元设计分析进行了详细的阐述。     

1.3μm InGaAsP／InP全金属化耦合封装侧面发光二极管

本文报导1.3μm InGaAsP/InP内条限制部分注入全金属化耦合封装侧面发光二极管的结构、制作及器件特性。在100mA工作电流下,器件尾纤出纤功率典型值40μW,最大超过60μW,光谱宽度70nm,上升/下降时间小于2.5ns。该器件是中短距离,中小容量光纤通信系统和光测量系统的理想光源。     

三氟丙烯本体均聚及与乙烯类单体的溶液共聚合研究

以偶氮双异丁腈(AIBN)作引发剂,研究3,3,3-三氟丙烯(TFP)的本体均聚及其在超临界二氧化碳(sc-CO2)中与烯类单体如醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)、苯乙烯(St)、异丁基乙烯基醚(IBVE)、丙烯酸(AA)5种单体的溶液共聚合反应,测定总单体转化率和TFP转化率随时间的变化及最终产物的平均分子量;对TFP与VAc在sc-CO2中的溶液共聚合除测定上述聚合参数外,采用红外光谱和19F-核磁共振谱表征共聚物的结构,应用核磁共振和电位分析法对比表征共聚物中TFP的结合量、共聚物数均分子量及其分布指数随TFP与VAc的物质的量比、TFP转化率的变化。结果表明:无论是本体聚合还是在sc-CO2中的溶液聚合,TFP都很难发生自由基均聚,但在sc-CO2中TFP却可与上述5种单体发生自由基共聚合,相同条件下50 h TFP的转化率顺序是:Y(TFP-VAc)Y(TFP-IBVE)Y(TFP-MA)≈Y(TFP-St)Y(TFP-AA)。对于TFP-VAc在sc-CO2中的共聚,发现有明显的交替共聚倾向,当n(TFP)∶n(VAc)0.5时,可获得n(TFP):n(VAc)接近1:1的交替共聚物。