INES简介及我国推行INES的方式初探

本文简单介绍了国际原子能机构(IAEA)向各成员国推荐使用的国际核事件分级表(INES)的出台背景、现状、评价标准及对一些重大核事件的分级示例。此外还对我国参加 INES 试用期间活动的方式、核电厂事件信息评价的传递途径及技术后援等提出初步看法。     

真空-压力浸渍设备的研制

真空-压力浸渍设备主要用于无线电元件、电器产品的真空加压浸渍,是现代电子产业高标准,高要求所必需的生产设备。介绍了真空-压力浸渍设备在工业浸渍中所应实现的功能流程,以及此设备的主要技术指标,介绍了其主要的机械结构设计,最后对整个设备的控制系统和软件设计也作了简单总结。     

偏光片除泡机的改进设计

本文介绍了对CPJ-1000偏光片除泡机的改进设计。对作为关键技术的高压气路控制方式设计和承压元件的有限元设计分析进行了详细的阐述。     

新型二元含氟共聚乳液的制备

以甲基丙烯酸-β-(全氟烷氧基酰基)乙脂均聚物、甲基丙烯酸甲酯为主要原料,制备固相质量分数为23%,乳胶粒子粒径为76¹00 nm的一系列稳定的二元含氟共聚物乳液,并对聚合物结构进行红外光谱表征,讨论单体配比对聚合物玻璃化转变温度、热稳定性及乳胶膜对水接触角的影响。结果表明,随着含氟单体用量的增加,聚合物的玻璃化转变温度降低;新型含氟共聚物较原含氟均聚物有较好的热稳定性;随着含氟单体的增加,乳胶膜对水的接触角增大。     

区域公司与厂级联合实时节能对标信息管理系统的开发与应用

基于区域公司实时监管系统和火力发电厂厂级监控信息系统(SIS),开发了1套区域公司与厂级联合实时节能对标管理信息系统。通过建立电厂生产指标(标杆)体系及分级经济技术指标,实现了实时数据的在线对标管理,以此建立了机组实时能耗分析和设备状态检修分析模型。利用对标分析结果量化生产过程中的能源消耗情况和转换效率,可指导机组优化运行,降低生产成本,提高电厂能效。     

1.3μm InGaAsP／InP全金属化耦合封装侧面发光二极管

本文报导1.3μm InGaAsP/InP内条限制部分注入全金属化耦合封装侧面发光二极管的结构、制作及器件特性。在100mA工作电流下,器件尾纤出纤功率典型值40μW,最大超过60μW,光谱宽度70nm,上升/下降时间小于2.5ns。该器件是中短距离,中小容量光纤通信系统和光测量系统的理想光源。     

Impacts of low citizen awareness and usage in smart city services: the case of London’s smart parking system

Smart city applications and services are increasingly considered as strategic means to cope with emerging global challenges such as climate change, pollution, the ageing population, and energy shortage. In particular, smart parking is a type of smart services used to improve traffic congestion and pollution within cities. Nevertheless, although smart city services are driven by advanced information technologies, their success is highly dependent on user engagement, which is historically problematic. This paper presents and discusses the results of a case study on the smart parking service in London. A questionnaire (involved a total of 212 local drivers) was adopted as the main data collection method. This was complemented by the collection and analysis of 470 online user comments left for the service. The results showed that London’s smart parking service may potentially help each driver to save an average of £68 (62.2 l) on petrol annually and reduce CO₂ emissions by 238.14 kg per car per year. At city level, a smart parking system could help London save £183.6 million worth of petrol per year and reduce its annual CO₂ emissions by 642,978 tons. However, public awareness, actual usage, and user satisfaction of this smart service are currently very low. These present substantial barriers to realise the potential economic and environmental benefits of the service. This paper concluded that further to the very technological efforts, local authorities and service providers need to make a stronger endeavour to enhance public engagement and user satisfaction towards smart services, in order to realise the promises of such solutions.     

Synthesis and Surface Activities of Novel Succinic Acid Double-Tailed Sulfonate Fluorinated Surfactants

In this study, four environmentally friendly succinic acid double-tailed sulfonate fluorinated surfactants were synthesized from maleic anhydride, fluoroalkyl alcohols, namely 1-(1H,1H,7H-Dodecafluoroheptyloxy) ethanol, 1-(1H,1H,5H -octafluoropentyloxy) ethanol, 1-(1H,1H,3H-tetrafluoropropoxy) ethanol, and 1-(1H,1H -trifluoroethyoxy) ethanol, and sodium hydrogensulfite. The surfactant structure was characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹⁹F NMR . Thermogravimetric results showed that the fluorinated surfactants were stable up to relatively high temperature. The Krafft points of the four novel succinic acid double-tailed sulfonate fluorinated surfactants were all below 0 °C. The lowest CMC value for the synthesized four double-tailed fluorine surfactants is about 0.076 mmol L^?1, far less than that of ammonium perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), demonstrating that double-tailed surfactants have higher surface activity than surfactants with one fluoroalkyl chain. The replacement of alkyl groups with oxyethylene groups enhances the hydrophilicity of the obtained fluorinated surfactants. Based on these findings, the synthesized surfactants may be environmentally friendly alternatives to PFOA and exhibit promising potential in industry applications.     

Two new reinforcement techniques applicable in high steep slopes along the Chengdu-Lhasa Highway, Southwest China

Anti-slide pile and anchoring hole are two types of reinforcement techniquespopularly used in slope reinforcement. However, some defects of these two techniquesare found in slope engineering practices. Utilizing higher tensile strength of pre-stressed structures, the authors devise two new types of slope reinforcement techniques,i.e.pre-stressed anchoring beam and pre-stressed anti-slide pile, in an attempt to overcomethose defects of the existing techniques. These two new techniques are characterized bygathering multiple functions, e.g. engineering investigation, reinforcement, drainage,monitoring and strength supplement, so as to achieve high reinforcement efficiency,convenient checking, and higher ratio of function to cost. It is hoped that, if applying thesetwo new techniques in remedies of landslide hazards along the Chengdu-Lhasa Highway,better reinforcement effects will be obtained.     

水轮机调速器的智能非线性PID控制

将PID控制、非线性控制、仿人智能控制相结合，提出了一种智能非线性PID控制器，并讨论了其结构和算法。它在大误差时采用强比例、弱积分，小误差时采用弱比例、强积分控制，具有参数自适应和结构自组织的特点。对水轮机控制系统的仿真，智能非线性PID控制器具有响应速度快、超调量小的特点，可有效地改善水轮机调速系统的动态性能和鲁棒性。由于所述控制器的参数调谐和控制策略切换是基于控制误差进行的，因此易于在工程实践中实施。