Application of differential transform method to unsteady free convective heat transfer of a couple stress fluid over a stretching sheet

In the present article, the transient rheological boundary layer flow over a stretching sheet with heat transfer is investigated, a topic of relevance to non‐Newtonian thermal materials processing. Stokes couple stress model is deployed to simulate non‐Newtonian characteristics. Similarity transformations are utilized to convert the governing partial differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations with appropriate wall and free stream boundary conditions. The nondimensional boundary value problem emerging is shown to be controlled by a number of key thermophysical and rheological parameters, namely the rheological couple stress parameter (), unsteadiness parameter (), Prandtl number (Pr), buoyancy parameter . The semi‐analytical differential transform method (DTM) is used to solve the reduced nonlinear coupled ordinary differential boundary value problem. A numerical solution is also obtained via the MATLAB built‐in solver “bvp4c” to validate the results. Further validation with published results from the literature is included. Fluid velocity is enhanced with increasing couple stress parameter, whereas it is decreased with unsteadiness parameter. Temperature is elevated with couple stress parameter, whereas it is initially reduced with unsteadiness parameter. The flow is accelerated with increasing positive buoyancy parameter (for heating of the fluid), whereas it is decelerated with increasing negative buoyancy parameter (cooling of the fluid). Temperature and thermal boundary layer thickness are boosted with increasing positive values of buoyancy parameter. Increasing Prandtl number decelerates the flow, reduces temperatures, increases momentum boundary layer thickness, and decreases thermal boundary layer thickness. Excellent accuracy is achieved with the DTM approach.     

Computation of entropy generation in dissipative transient natural convective viscoelastic flow

Entropy generation is an important aspect of modern thermal polymer processing optimization. Many polymers exhibit strongly non‐Newtonian effects and dissipation effects in thermal processing. Motivated by these aspects in this study, a numerical analysis of the entropy generation with viscous dissipation effect in an unsteady flow of viscoelastic fluid from a vertical cylinder is presented. The Reiner‐Rivlin physical model of grade 2 (second‐grade fluid) is used, which can envisage normal stress variations in polymeric flow‐fields. Viscosity variation is included. The obtained governing equations are resolved using implicit finite difference method of Crank‐Nicolson type with well imposed initial and boundary conditions. Key control parameters are the second‐grade viscoelastic fluid parameter (), viscosity variation parameter (), and viscous dissipation parameter (). Also, group parameter (), Grashof number (Gr), and Prandtl number (Pr) are examined. Numerical solutions are presented for steady‐state flow variables, temperature, time histories of friction, wall heat transfer rate, entropy, and Bejan curves for distinct values of control parameters. The results specify that entropy generation decreases with augmenting values of , , and Gr. The converse trend is noticed with increasing Pr and . Furthermore, the computations reveal that entropy and Bejan lines only occur close to the hot cylinder wall.     

A new approach of sizing battery energy storage system for smoothing the power fluctuations of a PV/wind hybrid system

In this paper, a new approach for optimally sizing the storage system employing the battery banks for the suppression of the output power fluctuations generated in the hybrid photovoltaic/wind hybrid energy system. At first, a novel multiple averaging technique has been used to find the smoothing power that has to be supplied by the batteries for the different levels of smoothing of output power. Then the battery energy storage system is optimally sized using particle swarm optimization according to the level of smoothing power requirement, with the constraints of maintaining the battery state of charge and keeping the energy loss within the acceptable limits. Two different case studies have been presented for different locations and different sizes of the hybrid systems in this work. The results of the simulation studies and detailed discussions are presented at the end to portrait the effectiveness of the proposed method for sizing of the battery energy storage system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multimedia utilization of non-computerized disguised voice and acoustic similarity measurement

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In this paper, an identification of a speaker for multimedia application under non-electronically disguised voice is performed. In non-electronically disguised...     

Performance Analysis of MSFRLS-VFF Based Real-Time Adaptive Noise Canceller with RLS and APA Algorithms Using TMS320C6713 Processor

Wireless Personal Communications - In this paper, the real-time adaptive noise canceller (ANC) system is implemented using modified sigmoid function variation based recursive least square with...     

ZLBM: zero level binary mapping technique for video security

In recent days, providing security to data is a crucial and critical task in many image processing applications. Specifically, video security is an important and demanding concept. For this purpose, some of the embedding, encoding and decoding techniques are mentioned in existing works, but it has some drawbacks such as increased time complexity, computational complexity and memory consumption. Moreover, it does not provide high security during video transmission. To overcome all these issues, a new technique, namely, Zero Level Binary Mapping (ZLBM) is proposed in this paper for video embedding scheme. The motivation of this paper is to provide high security during video transformation by using the video steganography technique. At first, the cover and stego videos are given as the inputs and it will be converted into the video frames for further processing. Here, the Fuzzy Adaptive Median Filtering (FAMF) technique is employed to remove the impulse noise in the video frames. Then, the pixels in the filtered frames are grouped by using the block wise pixel grouping technique. After that, the frames are embedded with the help of ZLBM technique and encoded based on the patch wise code formation technique. On the receiver side, the inverse ZLBM and block wise pixel regrouping techniques are applied to get the original cover and stego videos. The novel concept of this paper is the use of ZLBM and patch wise code formation techniques for video embedding and compression. The main advantages of the proposed system are high security, good quality and reduced complexity. The experimental results evaluate the performance of the proposed video embedding technique in terms of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Compression Ratio (CR), Bits Per Pixel (BPP) and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR).     

Immune response to chemically modified proteome

Both enzymatic and nonenzymatic PTMs of proteins involve chemical modifications. Some of these modifications are prerequisite for the normal functioning of cell, while other chemical modifications render the proteins as “neo-self” antigens, which are recognized as “non-self” leading to aberrant cellular and humoral immune responses. However, these modifications could be a secondary effect of autoimmune diseases, as in the case of type I diabetes, hyperglycemia leads to protein glycation. The enigma of chemical modifications and immune response is akin to the “chick-and-egg” paradox. Nevertheless, chemical modifications regulate immune response. In some of the well-known autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis, chemically modified proteins act as autoantigens forming immune complexes. In some instances, chemical modifications are also involved in regulating immune response during pathogen infection. Further, the usefulness of proteomic analysis of immune complexes is briefly discussed.     

Urea–formaldehyde crosslinked starch and guar gum matrices for encapsulation of natural liquid pesticide [Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. (neem) seed oil]: swelling and release kinetics

Polymeric granules were prepared by matrix encapsulation containing 20, 35 and 50% (w/w) of natural liquid pesticide viz., Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. (neem) seed oil (NSO) per dry weight of urea formaldehyde crosslinked starch (UF-St), guar gum (UF-GG) and UF-(St + GG) matrices. Results of swelling and cumulative release kinetics are presented at 35°C for these matrices. The static dissolution experiments have been carried out at 35°C for seven days. The percentage cumulative release kinetic data have been analyzed using an empirical equation to study the release pattern of NSO through the polymeric membranes employed. Transport follows the Super Case II mechanism as tested by an empirical equation. It is found that the release of the active ingredient depends upon the type of the matrix and its swelling ability. The percentage loading of NSO with different matrices and their density exerted an influence on the release data. The FTIR results indicated the absence of chemical interactions between the matrices and the NSO. In the majority of cases, entrapment efficiency was generally more than 95% indicating the efficient encapsulation. Furthermore, the experimental results are discussed in terms of the nature and the combined effect of the individual matrices as well as the percentage loading of NSO. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 2437–2446, 1999