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71.
Lee K Watanabe M Sugita-Konishi Y Hara-Kudo Y Kumagai S 《Journal of food science》2012,77(2):M102-M107
The effects of secondary starter molds of common mold-ripened cheeses on the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 were assessed in 3 model systems. In the 1st model, 8 STEC O157 strains were incubated in the spent culture of Penicillium camemberti or Penicillium roqueforti under mild acidic conditions at 25 °C. In the spent cultures of the mold at pH 4.8 to 5.0, the lag times of STEC O157 growth were significantly shorter than those observed in fresh medium. Analyses of the spent culture of P. camemberti showed that the causative agents of the growth enhancement were produced by the mold in response to an acidic environment and were not fully inactivated in heat treatment. In the 2nd model, P. camemberti and STEC O157 were cocultured in acidified milk at 25 °C. The population of STEC O157 reached 10(8) CFU/mL in the presence of the mold, whereas the population steadily declined in the absence of the mold. Although this growth enhancement was partially attributable to alkalization by the mold, it was observed even when the pH of this model was stabilized. In the 3rd model, 2 STEC O157 strains were incubated in the spent cultures of molds at pH 4.5 at 10 °C. In the spent culture, proportions of injured cells were significantly lower and D values were significantly higher than those in control, except one STEC O157 strain in the spent culture of P. camemberti. These results showed that the molds could enhance the growth and survival of STEC O157 by changing the environment. Practical Application: This study demonstrated that molds in foods can improve the growth and survival of the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157. Because microbial interactions are ubiquitous in food, our results provide an important insight for understanding the behavior of microorganisms in food. 相似文献
72.
We investigated a simple field effect passivation of the silicon surfaces using the high-pressure H2O vapor heating. Heat treatment with 2.1×106 Pa H2O vapor at 260°C for 3 h reduced the surface recombination velocity from 405 cm/s (before the heat treatment) to 38 cm/s for the thermally evaporated SiOx film/Si. Additional deposition of 140 nm-SiOx films (x<2) with a high density of fixed positive charges on the SiO2/Si samples further decreased the surface recombination velocity to 22 cm/s. We also demonstrated the field effect passivation for n-type silicon wafer coated with thermally grown SiO2. Additional deposition of 210 nm SiOx films on both the front and rear surfaces increased the effective lifetime from 1.4 to 4.6 ms. Combination of thermal evaporation of SiOx film and the heat treatment with high-pressure H2O vapor is effective for low-temperature passivation of the silicon surface. 相似文献
73.
这篇对谈是筱原一男逝世后,东京工业大学建筑学系刊《ka031·筱原一男特集》(2007)的卷首文章。同时作为该大学教授和前筱原研究室成员的坂本一成对多木浩二进行了采访并被整理成文,这也是第一次。关于这篇对谈,系刊编辑给出的小标题如下:“最初的相遇”、“看待/思考筱原一男 究竟是怎样一件事?”、“唤醒人类的非合理性”、“与现代建筑相对的异端”、“从‘意义分析’到‘构成分析’”、“确定的事物/不确定的事物”、“形式主义的变迁”、“筱原一男思考过与并未思考过的”。 相似文献
74.
Abnormalities in the Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols in the Liver of the Goto-Kakizaki Rat: A Model for Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetes 下载免费PDF全文
75.
Toughening of Silicon Nitride Matrix Composites by the Addition of Both Silicon Carbide Whiskers and Silicon Carbide Particles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hironori Kodama Takaaki Suzuki Hiroshi Sakamoto Tadahiko Miyoshi 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1990,73(3):678-683
Si3 N4 matrix composites reinforced by SiC whiskers, SiC particles, or both were fabricated using the hot-pressing technique. The mechanical properties of the composites containing various amounts of these SiC reinforcing materials and different sizes of SiC particles were investigated. Fracture toughness of the composites was significantly improved by introducing SiC whiskers and particles together, compared with that obtained by adding SiC whiskers or SiC particles alone. On increasing the size of the added SiC particles, the fracture toughness of the composites reinforced by both whiskers and particles was increased. Their fracture toughness also showed a strong dependence on the amount of SiC particles (average size 40 μm) and was a maximum at the particle content of 10 vol%. The maximum fracture toughness of these composites was 10.5 MPa·m1/2 and the flexural strength was 550 MPa after addition of 20 vol% of SiC whiskers and 10 vol% of SiC particles having an average particle size of 40 μm. These mechanical properties were almost constant from room temperature to temperatures around 1000°C. Fracture surface observations revealed that the reinforcing mechanisms acting in these composites were crack deflection and crack branching by SiC particles and pullout of SiC whiskers. 相似文献
76.
Zhen-Yan Deng Yoshiaki Inagaki Jihong She Yoshihisa Tanaka Yu-Fu Liu Masao Sakamoto Tatsuki Ohji 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2005,88(2):462-465
Long crack R -curve of a porous Si3 N4 with aligned fibrous grains was investigated, using a chevron-notched beam technique. A crack was constrained to propagate normal to the grain alignment. The crack growth resistance of aligned porous Si3 N4 was much larger compared with that of dense Si3 N4 ceramics. Microstructure observations showed that pullouts of fibrous grains in aligned porous Si3 N4 markedly increased during crack propagation relative to those of dense Si3 N4 , due to the existence of pores. The efficient grain pullouts in porous Si3 N4 increased the bridging stress at the crack wake. 相似文献
77.
The non-isothermally and isothermally crystallized stereodiblock copolymers of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(d-lactide) (PDLA) with equimolar l-lactyl and d-lactyl units and different number-average molecular weights (Mn) of 3.9 × 103, 9.3 × 103, and 1.1 × 104 g mol−1, which are abbreviated as PLLA-b-PDLA copolymers, contained only stereocomplex crystallites as crystalline species, causing higher melting temperatures of the PLLA-b-PDLA copolymers compared to those of PLLA homopolymers. In the case of non-isothermal crystallization, the cold crystallization temperatures of the PLLA-b-PDLA copolymers during heating and cooling were respectively lower and higher than those of PLLA homopolymers, indicating accelerated crystallization of PLLA-b-PDLA copolymers. In the case of isothermal crystallization, in the crystallizable temperature range, the crystallinity (Xc) values of the PLLA-b-PDLA copolymers were lower than those of the PLLA homopolymers, and were susceptible to the effect of crystallization temperature in contrast to that of homopolymers. The radial growth rate of the spherulites (G) of the PLLA-b-PDLA copolymers was the highest at the middle Mn of 9.3 × 103 g mol−1. This trend is different from that of the PLLA homopolymers where the G values increased monotonically with a decrease in Mn, but seems to be caused by the upper critical Mn values of PLLA and PDLA chains as in the case of PLLA/PDLA blends (in other papers), above which homo-crystallites are formed in addition to stereocomplex crystallites. The disturbed crystallization of PLLA-b-PDLA copolymers compared to that of the PLLA/PDLA blend is attributable to the segmental connection between the PLLA and PDLA chains, which interrupted the free movement of those chains of the PLLA-b-PDLA copolymers during crystallization. The crystallite growth mechanism of the PLLA-b-PDLA copolymers was different from that of the PLLA/PDLA blend. 相似文献
78.
R.W. Callis J.L. Doane H.J. Grunloh K. Kajiwara A. Kasugai C.P. Moeller Y. Oda R.A. Olstad K. Sakamoto K. Takahashi 《Fusion Engineering and Design》2009,84(2-6):526-529
Initial testing on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency Gyrotron Test Stand of ITER-relevant TL components, has shown reasonable efficiencies, but identified that trapped modes between closely located miter bends, as well as mode conversion at miter bends can lead to excessive heating of the connecting waveguides. General Atomics has designed, built, and will test components to address this issue as well as ITER relevant components that have not been tested at the levels of 1 MW, 170 GHz, for extended pulse lengths. Some of the components that will be tested are ultra low loss miter bends, dc breaks, polarizers, power monitors, bellows, waveguide switches, waveguide cooling clamps, etc. Details of the components and test results will be presented. 相似文献
79.
Effect of treatment of activated carbon fiber cloth electrodes with cold plasma upon performance of electric double-layer capacitors 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Masashi Ishikawa Atsushi Sakamoto Masayuki Monta Yoshiharu Matsuda Koichi Ishida 《Journal of power sources》1996,60(2):233-238
Charge/discharge behavior of electric double-layer capacitors composed of activated carbon fiber cloth (ACFC) electrodes and an organic electrolyte was investigated. The modification of the ACFC electrodes was performed using cold plasma generated in argon-oxygen atmosphere. The effect of the cold plasma treatment of the ACPC electrodes on the capacitor performance was discussed on the basis of the physical and chemical properties of the ACFC surface such as pore radius distribution and surface atom concentration. 相似文献
80.