全文获取类型
收费全文 | 12721篇 |
免费 | 915篇 |
国内免费 | 9篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 77篇 |
综合类 | 8篇 |
化学工业 | 5068篇 |
金属工艺 | 127篇 |
机械仪表 | 296篇 |
建筑科学 | 452篇 |
矿业工程 | 17篇 |
能源动力 | 319篇 |
轻工业 | 3147篇 |
水利工程 | 109篇 |
石油天然气 | 69篇 |
无线电 | 493篇 |
一般工业技术 | 1684篇 |
冶金工业 | 531篇 |
原子能技术 | 36篇 |
自动化技术 | 1212篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 41篇 |
2023年 | 179篇 |
2022年 | 901篇 |
2021年 | 1017篇 |
2020年 | 413篇 |
2019年 | 423篇 |
2018年 | 474篇 |
2017年 | 498篇 |
2016年 | 542篇 |
2015年 | 441篇 |
2014年 | 576篇 |
2013年 | 868篇 |
2012年 | 828篇 |
2011年 | 937篇 |
2010年 | 711篇 |
2009年 | 664篇 |
2008年 | 608篇 |
2007年 | 572篇 |
2006年 | 444篇 |
2005年 | 334篇 |
2004年 | 285篇 |
2003年 | 257篇 |
2002年 | 235篇 |
2001年 | 145篇 |
2000年 | 95篇 |
1999年 | 127篇 |
1998年 | 106篇 |
1997年 | 109篇 |
1996年 | 100篇 |
1995年 | 71篇 |
1994年 | 58篇 |
1993年 | 58篇 |
1992年 | 64篇 |
1991年 | 46篇 |
1990年 | 38篇 |
1989年 | 33篇 |
1988年 | 33篇 |
1987年 | 32篇 |
1986年 | 41篇 |
1985年 | 35篇 |
1984年 | 26篇 |
1983年 | 23篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 19篇 |
1979年 | 19篇 |
1978年 | 20篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
831.
Elia Bari Ilaria Roato Giuseppe Perale Filippo Rossi Tullio Genova Federico Mussano Riccardo Ferracini Marzio Sorlini Maria Luisa Torre Sara Perteghella 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(8)
SmartBone® (SB) is a biohybrid bone substitute advantageously proposed as a class III medical device for bone regeneration in reconstructive surgeries (oral, maxillofacial, orthopedic, and oncology). In the present study, a new strategy to improve SB osteoinductivity was developed. SB scaffolds were loaded with lyosecretome, a freeze-dried formulation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secretome, containing proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Lyosecretome-loaded SB scaffolds (SBlyo) were prepared using an absorption method. A burst release of proteins and EVs (38% and 50% after 30 min, respectively) was observed, and then proteins were released more slowly with respect to EVs, most likely because they more strongly adsorbed onto the SB surface. In vitro tests were conducted using adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) plated on SB or SBlyo. After 14 days, significant cell proliferation improvement was observed on SBlyo with respect to SB, where cells filled the cavities between the native trabeculae. On SB, on the other hand, the process was still present, but tissue formation was less organized at 60 days. On both scaffolds, cells differentiated into osteoblasts and were able to mineralize after 60 days. Nonetheless, SBlyo showed a higher expression of osteoblast markers and a higher quantity of newly formed trabeculae than SB alone. The quantification analysis of the newly formed mineralized tissue and the immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SBlyo induces bone formation more effectively. This osteoinductive effect is likely due to the osteogenic factors present in the lyosecretome, such as fibronectin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, apolipoprotein A, and TGF-β. 相似文献
832.
Patrizia Marchese Maria Lombardi Maria Elena Mantione Domenico Baccellieri David Ferrara Roberto Chiesa Ottavio Alfieri Chiara Foglieni 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(8)
Atherothrombosis exposes vascular components to blood. Currently, new antithrombotic therapies are emerging. Herein we investigated thrombogenesis of human arteries with/without atherosclerosis, and the interaction of coagulation and vascular components, we and explored the anti-thrombogenic efficacy of blockade of the P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7). A confocal blood flow videomicroscopy system was performed on cryosections of internal mammary artery (IMA) or carotid plaque (CPL) determining/localizing platelets and fibrin. Blood from healthy donors elicited thrombi over arterial layers. Confocal microscopy associated thrombus with tissue presence of collagen type I, laminin, fibrin(ogen) and tissue factor (TF). The addition of antibodies blocking TF (aTF) or factor XI (aFXI) to blood significantly reduced fibrin deposition, variable platelet aggregation and aTF + aFXI almost abolished thrombus formation, showing synergy between coagulation pathways. A scarce effect of aTF over sub-endothelial regions, more abundant in tissue TF and bundles of laminin and collagen type I than deep intima, may suggest tissue thrombogenicity as molecular structure-related. Consistently with TF-related vascular function and expression of P2X7, the sections from CPL but not IMA tissue cultures pre-treated with the P2X7 antagonist A740003 demonstrated poor thrombogenesis in flow experiments. These data hint to local targeting studies on P2X7 modulation for atherothrombosis prevention/therapy. 相似文献
833.
Viktoriya Rumyantceva Valeriya Rumyantceva Yulia Andreeva Sofia Tsvetikova Anton Radaev Maria Vishnevskaya Vladimir Vinogradov Andrey S. Drozdov Elena Koshel 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(12)
Biofilms are the reason for a vast majority of chronic inflammation cases and most acute inflammation. The treatment of biofilms still is a complicated task due to the low efficiency of drug delivery and high resistivity of the involved bacteria to harmful factors. Here we describe a magnetically controlled nanocomposite with a stimuli-responsive release profile based on calcium carbonate and magnetite with an encapsulated antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) that can be used to solve this problem. The material magnetic properties allowed targeted delivery, accumulation, and penetration of the composite in the biofilm, as well as the rapid triggered release of the entrapped antibiotic. Under the influence of an RF magnetic field with a frequency of 210 kHz, the composite underwent a phase transition from vaterite into calcite and promoted the release of ciprofloxacin. The effectiveness of the composite was tested against formed biofilms of E. coli and S. aureus and showed a 71% reduction in E. coli biofilm biomass and an 85% reduction in S. aureus biofilms. The efficiency of the composite with entrapped ciprofloxacin was higher than for the free antibiotic in the same concentration, up to 72%. The developed composite is a promising material for the treatment of biofilm-associated inflammations. 相似文献
834.
Erica Bazzan Mariaenrica Tin Alvise Casara Davide Biondini Umberto Semenzato Elisabetta Cocconcelli Elisabetta Balestro Marco Damin Claudia Maria Radu Graziella Turato Simonetta Baraldo Paolo Simioni Paolo Spagnolo Marina Saetta Manuel G. Cosio 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(12)
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a family of particles/vesicles present in blood and body fluids, composed of phospholipid bilayers that carry a variety of molecules that can mediate cell communication, modulating crucial cell processes such as homeostasis, induction/dampening of inflammation, and promotion of repair. Their existence, initially suspected in 1946 and confirmed in 1967, spurred a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications. Paradoxically, the increasing interest for EV content and function progressively reduced the relevance for a precise nomenclature in classifying EVs, therefore leading to a confusing scientific production. The aim of this review was to analyze the evolution of the progress in the knowledge and definition of EVs over the years, with an overview of the methodologies used for the identification of the vesicles, their cell of origin, and the detection of their cargo. The MISEV 2018 guidelines for the proper recognition nomenclature and ways to study EVs are summarized. The review finishes with a “more questions than answers” chapter, in which some of the problems we still face to fully understand the EV function and potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool are analyzed. 相似文献
835.
Saveria Femmin Fabrizio DAscenzo Francesco Ravera Stefano Comit Filippo Angelini Andrea Caccioppo Luca Franchin Alberto Grosso Cecilia Thairi Emilio Venturelli Claudia Cavallari Claudia Penna Gaetano Maria De Ferrari Giovanni Camussi Pasquale Pagliaro Maria Felice Brizzi 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(19)
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising therapeutic tools in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. We have recently shown that EVs from patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) undergoing sham pre-conditioning, before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were cardio-protective, while EVs from patients experiencing remote ischemic pre-conditioning (RIPC) failed to induce protection against ischemia/reperfusion Injury (IRI). No data on EVs from ACS patients recovered after PCI are currently available. Therefore, we herein investigated the cardio-protective properties of EVs, collected after PCI from the same patients. EVs recovered from 30 patients randomly assigned (1:1) to RIPC (EV-RIPC) or sham procedures (EV-naive) () were characterized by TEM, FACS and Western blot analysis and evaluated for their mRNA content. The impact of EVs on hypoxia/reoxygenation damage and IRI, as well as the cardio-protective signaling pathways, were investigated in vitro (HMEC-1 + H9c2 co-culture) and ex vivo (isolated rat heart). Both EV-naive and EV-RIPC failed to drive cardio-protection both in vitro and ex vivo. Consistently, EV treatment failed to activate the canonical cardio-protective pathways. Specifically, PCI reduced the EV-naive Dusp6 mRNA content, found to be crucial for their cardio-protective action, and upregulated some stress- and cell-cycle-related genes in EV-RIPC. We provide the first evidence that in ACS patients, PCI reprograms the EV cargo, impairing EV-naive cardio-protective properties without improving EV-RIPC functional capability. NCT02195726相似文献
836.
Mourad Azzout Cline Dietrich Franois Machavoine Pauline Gastineau Alix Bottier Guillaume Lezmi Maria Leite-de-Moraes 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(19)
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells represent a distinct T cell population restricted by the MHC-class-I-related molecule, MR1, which recognizes microbial-derived vitamin B2 (riboflavin) metabolites. Their abundance in humans, together with their ability to promptly produce distinct cytokines including interferon γ (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), are consistent with regulatory functions in innate as well as adaptive immunity. Here, we tested whether the alarmin interleukin 33 (IL-33), which is secreted following inflammation or cell damage, could activate human MAIT cells. We found that MAIT cells stimulated with IL-33 produced high levels of IFNγ, TNFα and Granzyme B (GrzB). The action of IL-33 required IL-12 but was independent of T cell receptor (TCR) cross-linking. MAIT cells expressed the IL-33 receptor ST2 (suppression of tumorigenicity 2) and upregulated Tbet (T-box expressed in T cells) in response to IL-12 or IL-33. Electronically sorted MAIT cells also upregulated the expression of CCL3 (Chemokine C-C motif ligand 3), CD40L (CD40 Ligand), CSF-1 (Colony Stimulating Factor 1), LTA (Lymphotoxin-alpha) and IL-2RA (IL-2 receptor alpha chain) mRNAs in response to IL-33 plus IL-12. In conclusion, IL-33 combined with IL-12 can directly target MAIT cells to induce their activation and cytokine production. This novel mechanism of IL-33 activation provides insight into the mode of action by which human MAIT cells can promote inflammatory responses in a TCR-independent manner. 相似文献
837.
Florina D. Cojocaru Vera Balan Constantin-Edi Tanase Ionel Marcel Popa Maria Butnaru Ovidiu Bredetean Mihai Mares Valentin Nastasa Sorin Pasca Liliana Verestiuc 《Ceramics International》2021,47(8):11209-11219
Fine-tuning of the scaffolds structural features for bone tissue engineering can be an efficient approach to regulate the specific response of the osteoblasts. Here, we loaded magnetic nanoparticles aka superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) into 3D composite scaffolds based on biological macromolecules (chitosan, collagen, hyaluronic acid) and calcium phosphates for potential applications in bone regeneration, using a biomimetic approach. We assessed the effects of organic (chitosan/collagen/hyaluronic acid) and inorganic (calcium phosphates, SPIONs) phase over the final features of the magnetic scaffolds (MS). Mechanical properties, magnetic susceptibility and biological fluids retention are strongly dependent on the final composition of MS and within the recommended range for application in bone regeneration. The MS architecture/pore size can be made bespoken through changes of the final organic/inorganic ratio. The scaffolds undertake mild degradation as the presence of inorganic components hinders the enzyme catalytic activity. In vitro studies indicated that osteoblasts (SaOS-2) on MS9 had similar cell behaviour activity in comparison with the TCP control. In vivo data showed an evident development of integration and resorption of the MS composites with low inflammation activity. Current findings suggest that the combination of SPIONs into 3D composite scaffolds can be a promising toolkit for bone regeneration. 相似文献
838.
da Silva Edson Santos de Mello Prado Renato Soares Anelisa de Aquino Vidal Lacerda de Almeida Hilario Junior dos Santos Durvalina Maria M. 《SILICON》2021,13(3):813-818
Silicon - Corn plants are highly demanding of nitrogen and the application of silicon has been studied because it minimizes stress from different natures, and for the better utilization of some... 相似文献
839.
López-Castejón Maria Luisa Hurtado Maria del Carmen de la Fuente Julia Mena Baltasar Bengoechea Carlos 《Iranian Polymer Journal》2021,30(7):723-735
Iranian Polymer Journal - The present work focuses on the assessment of the ability of porcine plasma protein (PPP) to be electrospun satisfactorily to form fibre mats, and their rheological and... 相似文献
840.