真菌毒素在浓香型白酒生产过程中的安全性检测

该研究采用酶联免疫法对浓香型白酒生产过程中的各个样品(大曲、酒醅、丢糟、黄水、基酒、成品酒)中的相关真菌毒素进行了定量分析。结果表明：黄曲霉毒素B1在大曲、酒醅、丢糟和黄水中的含量分别为2.55 μg/kg、1.75 μg/kg、1.95 μg/kg和2.25 μg/kg,在基酒和成品酒中的含量未达到检出水平;赭曲霉毒素A在大曲、酒醅、丢糟和黄水中的含量分别为1.50 μg/kg、1.65 μg/kg、1.80 μg/kg和2.05 μg/kg,在基酒和成品酒中的含量未达到检出水平;桔霉素在6种样品中均未检出。样品中3种真菌毒素均未超过国家发酵食品限量标准。同时,精密度和回收率试验结果表明,酶联免疫法稳定性较高,适用于白酒生产过程中各个样品的定量分析。     

顶空气相色谱质谱法测定生活饮用水中14种挥发性卤代烃

目的:建立自动顶空气相色谱质谱法测定生活饮用水中1,1-二氯乙烯、二氯甲烷、反式-1,2-二氯乙烯、氯丁二烯、顺式-1,2-二氯乙烯、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、1,2-二氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、一溴二氯甲烷、四氯乙烯、二溴一氯甲烷、三溴甲烷、六氯丁二烯14种挥发性卤代烃的含量。方法:样品经过60℃自动顶空平衡30 min后进样,采用DB-624毛细管色谱柱分离,气相色谱质谱法定量。结果:14种挥发性卤代烃在不同浓度下线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9950~0.9999;加标回收率为95.75%~100.67%;精密度为0.41%~3.58%。结论:本方法可以一次性完成生活饮用水中14种挥发性卤代烃的含量测定,方法简便、快速、准确,能充分满足生活饮用水的检测要求。     

Comparison of constituents, antioxidant potency, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in Lentinus edodes, Sparassis crispa, and Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii

This study evaluates three edible mushrooms: Lentinus edodes, Sparassis crispa, and Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii, in terms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, antioxidant potency and constituents free amino acids and mineral. The concentration of essential amino acids was found to be 34.10 mg/g in M. aitchisonii, 26.25 mg/g in S. crispa, 25.99 mg/g in L. edodes. S. crispa displayed the highest DPPH scavenging activity and phenolic contents. The best results for AChE inhibition were obtained from M. aitchisonii. These results suggest that M. aitchisonii has high potential for cognitive improvement by AChE inhibition and antioxidant potency.     

我国部分地区不同哺乳期母乳中脂肪酸含量的分析

分析我国6个城市3个哺乳期的母乳中脂肪酸的组成和含量,探究哺乳期和地理位置对母乳脂肪酸含量的影响。从包头(n=41)、北京(n=40)、济南(n=20)、昆明(n=33)、深圳(n=21)和西宁(n=49)6个城市共收集204例母乳,其中初乳28例,1月龄乳67例,4月龄乳109例。以C11∶0为内标,采用气相色谱分析母乳中脂肪酸的含量,结果显示:成熟乳中脂肪含量显著高于初乳(P<0.05),济南地区母乳中脂肪含量最高(~5 g/100 mL),昆明和深圳地区最低(<3.0 g/100 mL)。哺乳期间C16∶0的含量较稳定,约为192 mg/g脂肪;初乳富含长链不饱和脂肪酸,初乳中C18∶2 n-6c和C18∶3 n-3的含量显著低于成熟乳(P<0.05)。不同地区的母乳中脂肪酸含量有一定的差异,其中亚油酸/亚麻酸的比值差异很大。进一步比较了本文的数据与其他国家母乳脂肪酸含量的差异。本研究为母乳脂肪酸的定量分析及母乳脂肪酸浓度的影响因素提供理论参考。     

Digestibility and physicochemical properties of granular sweet potato starch as affected by annealing

The effects of annealing on the digestibility, morphology, and physicochemical characteristics of four types of granular sweet potato starches [Yulmi (YM), Yeonwhangmi (YHM), sweet potato starch from Samyang Genex (SSPS), and commercial sweet potato starch (CSPS)] were investigated. Annealing was performed at 55°C and 90% moisture content for 72 h. Morphology, the branched chain distribution of amylopectin, and the X-ray diffraction pattern remained unchanged during the annealing process. The slowly digestible starch content in annealed YM, YHM, and SSPS starches increased, but did not change in annealed CSPS. The gelatinization temperatures increased, but the gelatinization temperature range decreased with annealing. The swelling factor and amylose leaching decreased, while the close packing concentration increased. Rapid Visco Analyser analysis revealed that annealed starches possessed thermal stability and higher pasting temperatures. It is suggested that the enhanced packing arrangement formed during annealing impacts the digestibility and physicochemical properties of sweet potato starches.     

Quantification of Se-Methylselenocysteine and Its γ-Glutamyl Derivative from Naturally Se-Enriched Green Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris vulgaris) After HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS and Orbitrap MS n -Based Identification

Orthogonal liquid chromatographic (ion exchange, reversed phase, and ion pairing) and mass spectrometric [electrospray ionization (ESI)-TOF-MS, ESI-Orbitrap MS, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)] methods were addressed to identify and quantify selenium species from a naturally Se-enriched green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris vulgaris) sample after proteolytic digestion. While selenomethionine (10.1 mg/kg as Se) and selenate (9.5 mg/kg as Se) could be quantified in a straightforward way by anion exchange LC-ICP-MS technique, a multistep purification protocol was required to identify Se-methylselenocysteine and γ-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine in an unambiguous way prior to quantification by using either in-source fragmentation (LC-ESI-TOF-MS) or collision-induced dissociation (LC-ESI-Orbitrap MS). Finally, Se-methylselenocysteine (2.6 mg/kg as Se) and γ-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine (1.2 mg/kg as Se) could contribute to the overall selenium recovery of 72 %. This sample is the first of the Faboideae subfamily and Phaseolus ssp. to be speciated to such an extent for selenium including γ-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine, a highly potential selenium species, which makes this bean material an ideal candidate for functional food purposes.     

The effect of LED irradiation on the quality of cabbage stored at a low temperature

The effects of light emitting diode (LED) irradiation on maintaining freshness and nutrition in cabbage during low temperature storage were investigated. Cabbage, ‘Dongdori’ was stored at 4–5°C for 18 days under white, green, blue, and red LED light. On day 15 of storage, the total chlorophyll content of cabbage was highest for green, followed by white, red, blue, and a nonirradiated control group. The vitamin C content was highest for blue, followed by white, green, red, and the control. On day 18 of storage, the total polyphenolic content in cabbage was highest for blue followed by white, red, green, and the control. LED irradiation is effective for enriching the chlorophyll, vitamin C, and polyphenol contents of cabbage stored at a low temperature and results suggest that LED colors have different effects.     

Green Tea Formulations with Vitamin C and Xylitol on Enhanced Intestinal Transport of Green Tea Catechins

The effect of green tea formulated with vitamin C and xylitol on intestinal cell transport of gallated and nongallated catechin was studied. The transport of catechins from both apical to basolateral and basolateral to apical directions was measured. The effect of vitamin C (4, 10, 20 ppm), xylitol (11, 27.5, 55 ppm), and combinations of both on the intestinal transport rate of catechins was examined. The efflux value (Pb→a/Pa→b) of (–)‐epigallocatechin (EGC), (–)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (–)‐epicatechin (EC), and (–)‐epicatechin gallate (ECG) was 0.26, 0.22, 1.22, and 0.17, respectively, indicating that EC appeared to be less absorbed compared with other catechins. The addition of xylitol (11, 27.5, 55 ppm) and vitamin C (4, 10, 20 ppm) and in combination enhanced transport rate of nongallated catechins such as EC and EGC. For EC, vitamin C was revealed to be the most effective on intestinal transport, implying the inhibition of the efflux transport mechanism of EC. Intestinal transport of gallated catechins significantly increased from catechins formulated with vitamin C and xylitol in a dose‐dependent manner compared to the catechin‐only formulation. Results provide a potential strategy to enhance the delivery and bioavailability of catechins in humans by modulating green tea formulation with vitamin C and xylitol.     

基于模糊滑模的固液分离流量控制技术的研究

研究了一种用于海洋生物酶固液分离沉降离心流量控制技术.针对海洋生物酶发酵液的固液分离系统具有大滞后、非线性、时变性和无法得出精确数学模型等特点,控制器采用将模糊控制与滑模变结构控制相结合,由DSP模块,滑模控制模块,模糊控制模块和流量传感器等部分组成.与传统的控制方法相比,具备两者优点,既保留了常规模糊控制的优点,又加强了系统的稳定性,同时减弱了滑模控制的抖振现象.