盆地模拟技术研究现状及发展方向

自21世纪以来,盆地模拟技术已步入较为艰难的特殊发展时期,国外原有商业软件公司还一直在顽强坚守井在所侧重的不同方面有所发展,并且还有新的研究机构加入进来。在20世纪初之前,我国盆地模拟技术基本保持了与国际基本相当的发展水平,具有较好的发展基础。作为长期的技术难题,三维油气运聚模拟在模拟算法精确求解、对断层等地质因素的考虑、油气运移的间歇式突变过程恢复、古水动力学过程重建等诸多方面面临着困难与挑战。而加强对三维地质属性建模与构造建模技术的应用、实行符合地质规律的油气运聚法则引导下的分关键阶段交互模拟,将是今后盆地模拟技术发展的主要方向。     

生物技术在炼厂气脱硫中的应用

介绍了近几年国内外生物脱硫技术用于炼厂气的研究和应用现状,以及与液相氧化工艺的经济对比情况.所介绍的生物脱硫技术可同时脱硫和回收硫磺,并且在炼厂气中均已实现工业应用,其中,荷兰Paques公司开发的Thiopaq生物脱硫技术在工程应用上更加成熟,工业化装置已经建成多套.但是生物脱硫技术总体上还处于研究开发阶段,针对存在的问题提出相应的建议.     

小波神经网络内模控制的性能研究

使用小波神经网络分别逼近对象模型和逆模型,并对原非线性系统及其逆模型组成的伪线性系统采用内模控制理论,基于逆系统方法进行控制.当系统的建模误差满足线性增长条件时,分析了小波神经网络内模控制系统的鲁棒性和稳定性,当系统的建模误差不满足线性增长条件时,应用波波夫超稳定性理论分析了系统的鲁棒性.仿真结果表明小波神经网络内模控制系统是处理非线性问题比较有效的方法之一.     

机车车轴裂损的防控措施分析

文章对机车车轴裂纹产生的机理进行了阐述,提出在机车检修过程中,可以通过改进结构、进行表面强化、选择合理的配合过盈量等方式提高车轴的疲劳强度和防止裂纹的出现,确保机车运行安全。     

基于嵌入式技术的轮胎智能监测仪

根据轮胎安全监测和控制的现实需求和技术可行性的综合分析,综合运用传感器技术、信息融合技术、嵌入式系统技术以及无线通信等技术,研制了一种基于PIC微控制器为基础的汽车轮胎智能监测仪,阐述了其工作原理以及软硬件设计.监测仪能够实时监测行驶车辆的轮胎压力和温度变化情况,同时预测轮胎发生事故的可能性,并且可以采取声、光、液晶显示等方式提醒或报警,让事故防患于未然.实验运行结果表明,本系统抗干扰力强,安全可靠性高,安装方便.     

Characterization of thermoplastic polyurethane/polylactic acid (TPU/PLA) tissue engineering scaffolds fabricated by microcellular injection molding

Polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are two kinds of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers that can be used in biomedical applications. PLA has rigid mechanical properties while TPU possesses flexible mechanical properties. Blended TPU/PLA tissue engineering scaffolds at different ratios for tunable properties were fabricated via twin screw extrusion and microcellular injection molding techniques for the first time. Multiple test methods were used to characterize these materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the existence of the two components in the blends; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) confirmed the immiscibility between the TPU and PLA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images verified that, at the composition ratios studied, PLA was dispersed as spheres or islands inside the TPU matrix and that this phase morphology further influenced the scaffold's microstructure and surface roughness. The blends exhibited a large range of mechanical properties that covered several human tissue requirements. 3T3 fibroblast cell culture showed that the scaffolds supported cell proliferation and migration properly. Most importantly, this study demonstrated the feasibility of mass producing biocompatible PLA/TPU scaffolds with tunable microstructures, surface roughnesses, and mechanical properties that have the potential to be used as artificial scaffolds in multiple tissue engineering applications.     

Synthesizing higher nitride of molybdenum (Mo) and iron (Fe) in ammonia (NH3) gas stream under irradiation of concentrated solar beam in a solar furnace

Flowing gaseous ammonia NH₃ with suppressed extent of dissociation (un‐cracked NH₃) is acknowledged to function as a powerful nitriding medium to realize formation of metal nitride MN_x with considerably high N/M ratio x that cannot be achieved through reaction of M with N₂ gas. For example, mono‐nitride δ‐MoN of Mo and ε‐FeN_x phase of Fe with x = 0.33 ? 0.50 (i. e. hypo‐stoichiometric sub‐nitride ε‐Fe₂N) were reported to be difficult to prepare in N₂ gas environment even at elevated pressure but might be synthesized in flowing NH₃ gas at normal pressure when reaction temperature and NH₃ gas flow rate were set adequately. In the present work, nitriding experiments for Mo and Fe were carried out in flowing NH₃ gas under irradiation with concentrated solar beam. The acquired experimental evidences demonstrated that temperature range for formation of δ‐MoN was somewhat extended in flowing NH₃ gas under heating with concentrated solar beam compared with that under heating in conventional laboratory or industrial electric furnace. On the other hand, no such merit of extending temperature range for formation of ε‐Fe₂N in flowing NH₃ gas was detected in the present work under heating with concentrated solar beam.     

Synthesis of hierarchical Fe2O3/SnO2 hollow heterostructures and their improved photocatalytic properties

In the present study, hierarchical α-Fe₂O₃/SnO₂ hollow heterostructures were successfully synthesized by a template growth method. The crystal structure, morphology, composition and surface area of obtained heterostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and BET surface area analysis. The results reveal that [001]-directed SnO₂ nanorods grow on the side surface of the [001]-directed α-Fe₂O₃ hollow nanotubes/nanorings, forming ₍₁₁₀₎α_-Fe₂O₃//₍₁₀₁₎SnO₂${\left(110\right)}_{{\text{α}-\text{Fe}}_2{\text{O}}_3}//{\left(101\right)}_{{\text{SnO}}_2}$ and ₍₁₀₀₎α_-Fe₂O₃//₍₀₀₁₎SnO₂${\left(100\right)}_{{\text{α}-\text{Fe}}_2{\text{O}}_3}//{\left(001\right)}_{{\text{SnO}}_2}$ interfaces. These heterostructures can be further converted into magnetic γ-Fe₂O₃/SnO₂ heterostructure without any significant change in morphology. These α-Fe₂O₃/SnO₂ hollow heterostructures exhibit much higher photocatalytic activities for degradation of methylene blue in comparison with that of pure α-Fe₂O₃ nanotubes/nanorings in the wide spectral region from UV to visible due to both larger surface area and improved electron–hole separation efficiency in the interface of heterostructure.     

新型水质藻类传感器及遥测预警系统研究

为满足我国主要湖泊及河流藻类污染实时监测预警需求,研发了一套新型水质藻类遥测预警系统,采用基于暗激光束的单个粒子监测方法（IPSA）对藻类进行监测,借助新型水质藻类遥测预警系统的传感器、遥测设备、应用软件、系统集成等核心技术对藻类信息进行分析。试验结果表明,该系统实时性强、精度高,为预防水华现象的发生提供了及时的预报和监控。