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941.
Eurídice M. Andrade José Paulo Cosenza Luiz Pinguelli Rosa Gleide Lacerda 《Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews》2012,16(8):5760-5769
The main objective of this study is to identify how global climate change may affect the internal and external variables of enterprises, and how strategic planning could include responses to potential performance threats. A case study was prepared using data from the São Francisco Hydroelectric Company (CHESF), the largest hydroelectric power generator in Brazil's Northeast region. It is essential to understand how the leading energy company in the region is preparing to address these problems involving economic impacts resulting from the environmental effects of climate change. Two prospective methodologies were used to select the variables and construct a SWOT matrix, and their respective scenarios: A Panel of Experts and the Delphi Method. The methodologies used allow for four (4) distinct scenarios to be inferred for CHESF up until 2050: Development, Growth, Survival and Decline. The analyses of these scenarios concluded that CHESF's main risk from climate change is the possible reduction of water flow and reservoir levels, which could threaten energy security throughout the country if certain preventative adaptations to climate change are not implemented. 相似文献
942.
Ishu Kansal Ashutosh Goel Dilshat U. Tulyaganov Raghu Raman Rajagopal José M.F. Ferreira 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2012,32(11):2739-2746
The influence of varying the CaO/MgO ratio on the structure and thermal properties of CaO–MgO–SiO2–P2O5–CaF2 glasses was studied in a series of eight glass compositions in the glass forming region of diopside (CaMgSi2O6)–fluorapatite [Ca5(PO4)3F]–wollastonite (CaSiO3) ternary system. The melt-quenched glasses were characterized for their structure by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and magic angle spinning (MAS)-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Silicon is predominantly present as Q2 (Si) species, while phosphorus tends to coordinate in orthophosphate environment. The sintering and crystallization parameters of the glasses were obtained from differential thermal analysis (DTA) while crystalline phase fractions in the sintered glass–ceramics were analyzed by X-ray diffraction adjoined with Rietveld refinement. Diopside, fluorapatite, wollastonite and pseudowollastonite crystallized as the main crystalline phases in all the glass–ceramics with their content varying with respect to variation in CaO/MgO ratio in glasses. The implications of structure and sintering behaviour of glasses on their bioactivity were discussed. 相似文献
943.
Hugo R. Fernandes Dilshat U. Tulyaganov Maria J. Pascual Vladislav V. Kharton Aleksey A. Yaremchenko José M.F. Ferreira 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2012,32(10):2283-2292
The effects of K2O content on sintering and crystallization of glass powder compacts in the Li2O–K2O–Al2O3–SiO2 system were investigated. Glasses featuring SiO2/Li2O molar ratios of 2.69–3.13, far beyond the lithium disilicate (LD-Li2Si2O5) stoichiometry, were produced by conventional melt-quenching technique. The sintering and crystallization behaviour of glass powders was explored using hot stage microscopy (HSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Increasing K2O content at the expense of SiO2 was shown to lower the temperature of maximum shrinkage, eventually resulting in early densification of the glass-powder compacts. Lithium metasilicate was the main crystalline phase formed upon heat treating the glass powders with higher amounts of K2O. In contrast, lithium disilicate predominantly crystallized from the compositions with lower K2O contents resulting in strong glass–ceramics with high chemical and electrical resistance. The total content of K2O should be kept below 4.63 mol% for obtaining LD-based glass–ceramics. 相似文献
944.
M. Alejandra Mazo Cristina Palencia Andrés Nistal Fausto Rubio Juan Rubio José Luis Oteo 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2012,32(12):3369-3378
Dense silicon oxycarbide glasses (SiOC) have been produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of SiOC powders. Raw powders were obtained by pyrolysis under nitrogen at 1100 °C of tetraethylorthosilcate/polydimethylsiloxane (TEOS/PDMS) hybrids. SPS experiments were carried out at 1300 and 1500 °C at 10 and 80 MPa and then were studied by chemical analysis, 29Si and 13C MAS NMR, ATR, Raman, XRD, FE-SEM, density, porosity, microhardness (Hv) and thermal conductivity (K). The SiOC materials are formed by SixOC4?x units within a silica matrix where silicon carbide and graphite nanodomains are also present. After the SPS treatment the silicon carbide crystallite size is close to 2.5 nm. At 1300 °C and 1500 °C the carbon nanodomain size is close to 3 nm and 2 nm, respectively. Hv values vary from 3.4 to 9.15 GPa, for 30% and 1% of porosity, respectively. Finally, K is always close to 1.38 W m?1 K?1. 相似文献
945.
A high-yielding fluorination of (triphos)Pt-R(+) has been achieved using an array of F(+) sources, with XeF(2) yielding R-F in minutes. The C-F coupling proved to be a stereoretentive process that proceeds via a concerted reductive elimination from a putative dicationic Pt(IV) center. The larger the steric congestion of the (triphos)Pt-C(sp3) (+) complexes, the more efficient the fluorination, seemingly a result of sterically accelerated C-F reductive elimination along with simultaneous deceleration of its competing processes (β-H elimination). 相似文献
946.
Modeling the color variation due to an illuminant change is an important task for many computer vision applications, like color constancy, object recognition, shadow removal and image restoration. The von Kries diagonal model and Wien’s law are widely assumed by many algorithms for solving these problems. In this work we combine these two hypotheses and we show that under Wien’s law, the parameters of the von Kries model are related to each other through the color temperatures of the illuminants and the spectral sensitivities of the acquisition device. Based on this result, we provide a method for estimating some camera cues that are used to compute the illuminant invariant intrinsic image proposed by Finlayson and others. This is obtained by projecting the log-chromaticities of an input color image onto a vector depending only on the spectral cues of the acquisition device. 相似文献
947.
Susanne Leuchs Dr. Lasse Greiner Dominique Dechambre Dr. Lasse Greiner Prof. André Bardow 《化学,工程师,技术》2012,84(4):427-431
The illustrated literature series Asterix (and Obelix) is commonly known as entertainment and distraction, but behind that mask, case studies for chemical production in small medium enterprises and the crucial role of research and development can be discovered. The series rightly puts chemistry and chemical engineering at the heart of success and prosperity. Overall, the motives exemplified are of high relevance today for chemical industry. 相似文献
948.
949.
INTRODUCTIONMultibladerowcalculationscanbeperformedusingsteady3DNScodesprovidedthatassumptionsaremadeforthecouplingofbladerows.Thesocalledmixing--planeapproachneedsthetangentialaveragesofflowquantitiesattheinterfaceplanebetweenadjacentbladerows.Butth... 相似文献
950.
Catalytic use of zeolites in the Prins reaction of arylalkenes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
María A. Aramendía Victoriano Borau César Jiménez José M. Marinas Francisco J. Romero Francisco J. Urbano 《Catalysis Letters》2001,73(2-4):203-206
The Prins reaction of various arylalkenes with paraformaldehyde on different zeolites as solid acid catalysts was studied. The main product of the reaction under the experimental conditions used was found to be the corresponding 1,3-dioxane. Of the catalysts tested, beta (75) zeolite proved the most active and selective in the Prins reaction of styrene, with a selectivity of 41.4% and a conversion of 95%. Other zeolites such as USY and, especially, ZSM-5, provided much lower yields. The reactions of other arylalkenes were found to be strongly influenced by the substituents on the double bond. 相似文献