洞庭湖区三口水系生态基流研究

近年来大型水利工程的建设与运行、洞庭湖区三口水系分流量的持续减少和三口水系地区水资源的不合理利用,导致三口水系的生态流量严重不足.基于洞庭湖区三口水系的主要水文站2003—2018年逐日平均流量和1973—2002年逐月平均流量数据,提出一种综合考虑不同水文学法的生态基流确定方法,得出逐月和全年的生态基流推荐值,并分析...     

黄河源弯曲河流的河段尺度横向冲淤特征研究

弯道横向迁移是弯曲河流周期性演变的主要特征,也是横向冲淤的累积性结果。为认识弯曲河流年际时间尺度下的河岸迁移规律,2018—2020年在黄河源麦曲和兰木错曲河段开展了连续3年的无人机航测。通过影像后处理技术生成高精度地形,对河段尺度的河岸迁移和弯道冲淤特征进行探讨。结果表明:边滩的淤积外延驱动边滩-凹岸宽度的变化,所以弯道河宽变化值超过0.1B（B为河宽）的河段总是位于弯顶段。两个弯曲河段凹冲凸淤特征明显,凹岸侵蚀峰值与凸岸淤积峰值在弯道出口段呈对称分布。麦曲河段的凸岸边滩冲淤共存,但整体淤长,凹岸岸线的冲退宽度反映了河岸侵蚀状况。     

Electro-Photoluminescence Color Change for Deformable Visual Encryption

Although structural coloring and photoluminescence (PL) have been investigated for radiation-responsive color change, electroluminescence (EL) has not been used for the radiation-responsive system. An electro-photoluminescence (EPL) color change is presented here. The phosphors in the alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) act simultaneously as electro-luminophores and photo-luminophores. The EPL chromaticity is systematically investigated depending on the ACEL frequency and UV intensity. It is found that the PL variation depending on UV intensity is the mechanism of the EPL color change. It is revealed that EL and PL can be controlled independently in the low electric field so that the EPL chromaticity can be adjusted by a linear combination of the EL color and the PL color. The EPL color-changing device is used as a deformable visual encryption system and a soft skin for a soft robotic rover, imitating the concealment and signaling functions in nature.     

Perchlorate adsorption and desorption on activated carbon and anion exchange resin

The mechanisms of perchlorate adsorption on activated carbon (AC) and anion exchange resin (SR-7 resin) were investigated using Raman, FTIR, and zeta potential analyses. Batch adsorption and desorption results demonstrated that the adsorption of perchlorate by AC and SR-7 resin was reversible. The reversibility of perchlorate adsorption by the resin was also proved by column regeneration test. Solution pH significantly affected perchlorate adsorption and the zeta potential of AC, while it did not influence perchlorate adsorption and the zeta potential of resin. Zeta potential measurements showed that perchlorate was adsorbed on the negatively charged AC surface. Raman spectra indicated the adsorption resulted in an obvious position shift of the perchlorate peak, suggesting that perchlorate was associated with functional groups on AC at neutral pH through interactions stronger than electrostatic interaction. The adsorbed perchlorate on the resin exhibited a Raman peak at similar position as the aqueous perchlorate, indicating that perchlorate was adsorbed on the resin through electrostatic attraction between the anion and positively charged surface sites.     

Effects of milk proteins and gums on quality of bread made from frozen dough

BACKGROUND: Mixtures of milk proteins and gums incorporated into bread formulations may enhance the quality of bread and retard the deterioration of frozen dough. Our objective was to investigate the effects of mixtures of milk proteins (casein (C) and whey protein (W)) and gums (sodium alginate (A) and κ‐carrageenan (K) on the quality of bread made from frozen dough. We hypothesized that bread containing milk proteins and gums would be of improved quality. Milk proteins improve texture, moisture retention and specific volume, and reduce the size of ice crystals, while gums incorporated into the bread improve moisture retention, control water mobility and prevent the growth of ice crystals, so we hypothesized milk proteins and gums would suppress the quality deterioration of bread during frozen storage. RESULTS: We found that mixtures of milk proteins and gums proved effective with regard to the maintenance of the baking quality of frozen dough. Breads containing CA had a higher specific loaf volume than the control bread. The addition of WK enhanced crumb firmness during extended frozen storage. In sensory evaluation, the addition of WA and CA contributed to the improvement of baking quality, taste, texture and acceptability. CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that mixtures of milk proteins and gums improved baking quality by reducing the deterioration of frozen dough. These results indicate that the addition of CA and WA improved the bread quality and WK could effectively be used as an anti‐staling agent in bread. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Multi-user diversity in a spectrum sharing system

We investigate the effects of multi-user diversity in a spectrum sharing system where secondary users restrictively utilize a spectrum licensed to primary users only if interference perceived at primary users is regulated below a predetermined level. This interference regulation affects the characteristics of multiuser diversity gains previously known in non-spectrum sharing systems. Our numerical and analytical results show that the multiuser diversity gain in a spectrum sharing system increases differently according to conditions given by the transmit power of secondary users, P, and a predetermined interference temperature, Q - if P is sufficiently larger than Q, the multiuser diversity gain in terms of capacity scales like log2 (W (Ns)) similarly to a previously known scaling law in the non-spectrum sharing systems, where W(·) and Ns denote a Lambert W function and the number of secondary transmitters, respectively. However, the scaling law of multiuser diversity gain becomes log2(Ns) as P becomes sufficiently larger such that P ≫ QNs.     

Controlled release of bovine serum albumin using MPEG–PCL diblock copolymers as implantable protein carriers

MPEG–PCL diblock copolymers consisting of methoxy polyethylene glycol (MPEG) and poly(?‐caprolactone) (PCL) as drug carriers were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization. It is possible to control the balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic by changing the MPEG and the ratio of ?‐CL to MPEG. Implantable wafers were easily fabricated by the direct compression method after physical mixing of diblock copolymers and bovine serum albumin–fluorescein isothiocyanate (BSA‐FITC) as a model protein drug. The BSA release from wafers prepared by MPEG–PCL diblock copolymers were higher than that from PCL with the physical blending of MPEG. The wafers prepared by a variety of MPEG–PCL diblock copolymers exhibited the controlled BSA release profiles with a dependence on MPEG–PCL diblock copolymer compositions. In addition, the changing of MPEG and PCL molecular weights within MPEG–PCL diblock copolymer controlled the initial burst of BSA. We confirmed that the diblock copolymers could be served as protein delivery carrier in implantable wafer form. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:1561–1567, 2006     

Experimental and numerical research on condenser performance for R-22 and R-407C refrigerants

An experimental study of a fin and tube condenser was performed using two different configurations of condenser paths (U and Z type) and two kinds of refrigerants (R-22 and R-407C) as working fluids. An integral test facility was constructed to evaluate the heat transfer capacity of the air and refrigerant sides of the condenser. An uncertainty study was also performed. A numerical code was developed, using a section-by-section analysis scheme in which mal-distribution on the air side and temperature gliding on the refrigerant side could be considered along the tube-length direction. Different condenser capacities were obtained from both the experimental and numerical results, depending on the paths and refrigerants used. R-22 performed better than R-407C for the Z-type path configuration, but no significant difference was found between results using either refrigerant in the U-type path configuration. On average, the numerical results obtained with R-22 were 10.1% greater than experiment data; using R-407C, results were 10.7% less than experiment data. The numerical code can be used as a design tool to develop better condenser paths.     

基于作业的环境污染因素识别方法

以ABC为原理，提出了一种基于作业的环境污染因素识别方法（ABLCI）。这种方法强调以作业为产品与环境污染问题之间的桥梁，将产品和过程通过作业与环境污染问题联系起来，使得整个产品生命周期内的一切材料、能源、信息和人员输入在产品的每一个生存状态中所产生的直接或间接的环境污染问题从作业中得以辨认，为ISO14040中的生命周期环境污染因素识别的实施提供一种具体方法。