Production of Candida antarctica lipase B gene open reading frame using automated PCR gene assembly protocol on robotic workcell and expression in an ethanologenic yeast for use as resin-bound biocatalyst in biodiesel production

A synthetic Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) gene open reading frame (ORF) for expression in yeast was constructed, and the lycotoxin-1 (Lyt-1) C3 variant gene ORF, potentially to improve the availability of the active enzyme at the surface of the yeast cell, was added in frame with the CALB ORF using an automated PCR assembly and DNA purification protocol on an integrated robotic workcell. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing CALB protein or CALB Lyt-1 fusion protein were first grown on 2% (w/v) glucose, producing 9.3 g/L ethanol during fermentation. The carbon source was switched to galactose for GAL1-driven expression, and the CALB and CALB Lyt-1 enzymes expressed were tested for fatty acid ethyl ester (biodiesel) production. The synthetic enzymes catalyzed the formation of fatty acid ethyl esters from ethanol and either corn or soybean oil. It was further demonstrated that a one-step-charging resin, specifically selected for binding to lipase, was capable of covalent attachment of the CALB Lyt-1 enzyme, and that the resin-bound enzyme catalyzed the production of biodiesel. High-level expression of lipase in an ethanologenic yeast strain has the potential to increase the profitability of an integrated biorefinery by combining bioethanol production with coproduction of a low-cost biocatalyst that converts corn oil to biodiesel.     

Performance Comparison of Gyro-Based and Gyroless Attitude Estimation for CubeSats

In this paper, a comparison study between gyro-based and gyroless approaches for spacecraft attitude estimation is presented. Due to its vulnerability to the model errors, the gyroless approach has not been widely focused on and there are only few comparison studies available. However, this conventional wisdom might not directly apply to CubeSat attitude estimation, where noisy MEMS gyro is usually implemented. Although the noise density can be improved by low-pass filtering, it sacrifices the bandwidth so that it can induce a discretization error when spacecraft rotates in high speed. This paper outlines expected pros and cons of gyroless attitude estimation with respect to cost and miniaturization, rotational agility, and model errors. Additionally, linearized system models for both of the attitude estimation methods are formulated and a simple guideline for tuning process noise against the model errors is proposed. Numerical results for a realistic earth observation scenario are presented to quantitatively compare the benefits and drawbacks of each attitude estimation method.

     

韧性聚合物材料的基本断裂功和变形行为研究

用双边缺口拉伸试样研究了几种聚烯烃塑料薄片在平面应力条件下的破坏行为。从断裂功 -韧带长度关系得到反映断裂韧性的材料常数比基本断裂功和反映材料塑性变形行为的比非基本断裂功 ,藉此分析和解释了这些材料的韧性和塑性特征 ;同时验算处理表明这些材料的试样断裂伸长与韧带长度均呈直线关系 ,线性回归相关系数达到 0 97～ 0 99,由此求得了反映临界裂纹张开位移的材料参数等。这些参数可用于研究材料的变形能力和断裂行为 ,解释材料的破坏机理     

S-氰醇的制备及其在手性菊酯类农药合成中的应用

以自制的手性环二肽[环(D-苯丙-D-组)]作为催化剂，以液态HCN和3-苯氧基苯甲醛为原料催化合成(S)-Ⅱ-氰基3-苯氧基苯甲醇，产率为86％，对映体过量值ee％为90．探索了反应时间、催化剂用量对反应转化率和产品品质的影响，同时将S-氰醇应用于合成(S，S)-氰戊菊酯、(1R，3R，αS)-溴氰菊酯、(S，S)-甲氰菊酯和(1R-cis，3S)-苯醚氰菊酯，它们的产率分别为80％、75％、80％、75％，对映体过量值ee％分别为90、75、70、70。     

Crystallization of the metallic glass Fe78B13Si9

The microstructures and kinetics with heating for an amorphous Fe₇₈B₁₃Si₉ alloy were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The first crystallization takes place by the simultaneous formation of -(Fe,Si) and Fe₃B having the shapes of dendrite and spherulite, respectively. Metastable Fe₃B then transformed into a stable phase of Fe₂B at a higher temperature. The activation energy for crystallization and the Avrami exponent were determined. It was found that crystallization behaviour in Fe₇₈B₁₃Si₉ is controlled by nucleation rather than growth.     

Water pipe condition assessment: a hierarchical beta process approach for sparse incident data

Prediction of water pipe condition through statistical modelling is an important element for the risk management strategy of water distribution systems. In this work a hierarchical nonparametric model has been used to enhance the performance of pipe condition assessment. The main aims of this work are three-fold: (1) For sparse incident data, develop an efficient approximate inference algorithm based on hierarchical beta process. (2) Apply the hierarchical beta process based method to water pipe condition assessment. (3) Interpret the outcomes in financial terms usable by the water utilities. The experimental results show superior performance of the proposed method compared to current best practice methods, leading to substantial savings on reactive repairs and maintenance, as well as improved prioritization for capital expenditure.     

Anomalous absorption of isolated silver nanoparticulate films in visible region of electromagnetic field

Anomalous absorption of isolated silver nanoparticulate films with different morphological patterns prepared by the wet colloidal route and followed by thermal treatment were investigated. A polymer embedded silver nanoparticulate film thermally treated at 200 degrees C showed maximum absorbance at approximately 412 nm. The peak position of the surface plasmon band was slightly different but still consistent with theoretical prediction derived by the Mie theory. An isolated nanopariculate film thermally treated at 300 degrees C showed anomalous absorption. Its maximum absorption band was shifted to green regime of 506.9 nm and the bandwidth at half-maximum absorbance of the surface plasmon band was greatly broadened. The plasmon band and its bandwidth were much deviated compared to the theoretical prediction calculated for the silver nanoparticles in the surrounding medium of air and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) or soda-lime-silica glass. Even though there was no significant growth of silver nanoparticles during thermal treatment at 300 degrees C, the anomalous absorption was observed. The anomalous absorption was not attributed to effects of particle shape and size but to effects of pores induced by development of a great number of pores in the nanoparticulate film. The anomalous absorption greatly decreased with increase in heating temperature from 400 degrees C to 500 degrees C. The extraordinary plasmon damping of the isolated film decreased and the plasmon absorption band was re-shifted to violet regime of 416 nm because of large decrease in size of particles with dramatic change of pore morphology from circular pores with rim to small continuous pores induced by spontaneous formation of new silver nanoparticles.     

城市设计在大型居住区详细规划中的引用

浅谈城市设计在居住区详细规划中的引入,探索百万平方米大型居住区详细规划中的城市设计方式。     

研究顾客心理学, 改善服务质量

论述了为满足顾客需求 ,改善服务质量的基本原理 ,同时指出情感服务对提高服务质量和促进企业发展的重要性