Nanocomposites of cassava starch reinforced with waxy starch nanocrystals were prepared. They showed a 380% increase of the rubbery storage modulus (at 50 °C) and a 40% decrease in the water vapor permeability. X‐ray spectra show that the composite was more amorphous than the neat matrix, which was attributed to higher equilibrium water content in the composites. TGA confirmed this result and its thermal derivative suggested the formation of hydrogen bonding between glycerol and the nanocrystals. The reinforcing effect of starch nanocrystals was attributed to strong filler/matrix interactions due to the hydrogen bonding. The decrease of the permeability suggests that the nanocrystals were well dispersed, with few filler/filler interactions.
Growth and survival of bacteria depend on homeostasis of membrane lipids, and the capacity to adjust lipid composition to
adapt to various environmental stresses. Membrane fluidity is regulated in part by the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty
acids present in membrane lipids. Here, we studied the effects of high growth temperature and salinity (NaCl) stress, separately
or in combination, on fatty acids composition and de novo synthesis in two peanut-nodulating Bradyrhizobium strains (fast-growing TAL1000 and slow-growing SEMIA6144). Both strains contained the fatty acids palmitic, stearic, and
cis-vaccenic + oleic. TAL1000 also contained eicosatrienoic acid and cyclopropane fatty acid. The most striking change, in both
strains, was a decreased percentage of cis-vaccenic + oleic (≥80% for TAL1000), and an associated increase in saturated fatty acids, under high growth temperature or
combined conditions. Cyclopropane fatty acid was significantly increased in TAL1000 under the above conditions. De novo synthesis
of fatty acids was shifted to the synthesis of a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids under all tested conditions, but
to a lesser degree for SEMIA6144 compared to TAL1000. The major adaptive response of these rhizobial strains to increased
temperature and salinity was an altered degree of fatty acid unsaturation, to maintain the normal physical state of membrane
lipids. 相似文献
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for the severe pandemic of acute respiratory disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), experienced in the 21st century. The clinical manifestations range from mild symptoms to abnormal blood coagulation and severe respiratory failure. In severe cases, COVID-19 manifests as a thromboinflammatory disease. Damage to the vascular compartment caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been linked to thrombosis, triggered by an enhanced immune response. The molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial activation have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to identify the proteins correlated to the molecular response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after exposure to SARS-CoV-2, which might help to unravel the molecular mechanisms of endothelium activation in COVID-19. In this direction, we exposed HUVECs to SARS-CoV-2 and analyzed the expression of specific cellular receptors, and changes in the proteome of HUVECs at different time points. We identified that HUVECs exhibit non-productive infection without cytopathic effects, in addition to the lack of expression of specific cell receptors known to be essential for SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. We highlighted the enrichment of the protein SUMOylation pathway and the increase in SUMO2, which was confirmed by orthogonal assays. In conclusion, proteomic analysis revealed that the exposure to SARS-CoV-2 induced oxidative stress and changes in protein abundance and pathways enrichment that resembled endothelial dysfunction. 相似文献