Dawson结构磷钨杂多酸催化环己醇合成己二酸

以Dawson结构磷钨杂多酸为催化剂,由过氧化氢氧化环己醇合成了己二酸。通过正交实验和单因次实验考察了各因素对反应的影响,确定的优化工艺条件为:n(环己醇):n(过氧化氢):n(磷钨杂多酸)= 100:450:0.15,反应温度为100℃,反应6 h,己二酸分离收率达90.1%。催化剂重复使用5次,收率仍可达到79.8%     

双环戊二烯-马来酸酐共聚物的合成、表征及其与聚氨酯反应性共混研究

合成了双环戊二烯-马来酸酐交替共聚物(DCPD-co-MA),产率约25%。采用红外、核磁共振氢谱和碳谱对共聚物进行了表征,差热分析和热重分析表明该共聚物具有较好的热性能,其T_g为210℃,起始热失重温度为310℃。采用反应性共混方法合成了DCPD-co-MA与聚氨酯(PU)的共混物(PU/DCPD-co MA),反应温度为80℃。该共混物具有较好的综合性能,其起始热失重温度较纯PU提高了约41℃,共混后,其耐热性能有较大改善。     

P-SBA-15催化合成油酸丁酯

采用后合成法,将磷酸负载在介孔分子筛SBA-15的表面,制备出活性较高的固体酸催化剂P-SBA-15,将该催化剂用于合成油酸丁酯。重点考察了磷酸的负载量、反应温度、酸醇摩尔比、催化剂的加入量、反应时间对酯化反应性能的影响。得到最佳反应条件为：磷酸的负载量占介孔分子筛SBA-15用量的6％、反应温度130℃、酸醇摩尔比1：2、催化剂用量占总料量的1．5％,反应时间5h,油酸转化率最高达61．3％,并发现介孔分子筛催化剂P-SBA-15具有良好的稳定性。     

气相色谱分析资料水洗响应特征研究

注水驱油实验是水淹机理研究的一种基本方法。为建立水淹层地化评价方法提供理论依据,通过室内模拟水驱油实验,开展了岩石气相色谱分析资料随含水率上升的变化规律的研究。以稳态法测定油-水相对渗透率的注水实验制备不同含水率岩样,分析研究这些岩样气相色谱分析参数的变化规律,探讨水淹层的气相色谱分析响应特征。实验结论为：随含水率的上升,饱和烃色谱谱图发生明显变化,峰形从正态向扁平形态变化,各个单峰饱和烃面积、饱和烃总面积、主峰碳及主要碳数响应值等参数均呈规律性的降低;饱和油和低含水率样品之间的区别不明显,但进入中含水状态以后,色谱峰总面积等参数降幅增大,水洗特征明显。     

Mg17 Al12、Al2Ca、Al2Nd、Al2Er金属间化合物稳定性与电子结构的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的Castep程序软件包,优化了Mg17Al12、Al2Nd、Al2Er及Al2Ca相晶胞结构,计算了化合物的形成热、结合能和态密度等,分析了化合物结构稳定性与其电子结构的内在联系。结果表明:四种化合物的形成热和结合能均为负值,且化合物的合金化能力和结构稳定性强弱顺序依次为Al2Er、Al2Nd、Al2Ca、Mg17Al12。态密度结果表明: Al2Er和Al2Nd具有较强结构稳定性的主要原因是（1）在费米面低能级区Al(3p)轨道分别与Nd(4f)、(5d)和 Er(4f)、(5d)轨道价电子发生强烈杂化作用;（2）Al2Nd和Al2Er成键电子数较多;（3）这两种化合物的电子参与成键能力较大。电荷密度结果表明：Mg17Al12、Al2Ca、Al2Nd、Al2Er中均存在金属键、离子键、共价键,四种化合物中Al2Er、Al2Nd共价键较强,Al2Ca离子键最强,Mg17Al12中以较强的金属键为主。     

Theoretical and experimental studies on low-temperature adsorption drying of fresh ginger

The working principle of low-temperature adsorption drying and the advantages of its application for biological materials drying were introduced in this paper. By using fresh ginger as the drying material, the effects of temperature and relative humidity on its drying characteristics were examined. The results show that the drying rate increases with the temperature increasing or the humidity decreasing. The drying time to the equilibrium is almost the same under different humidity conditions, but low equilibrium moisture content can be acquired under low humidity. The shrinkage characteristics of fresh ginger were also studied. The change of its surface appearance during the drying process was characterized by the new Charged Coupled Device (CCD) and the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) technique. A mathematical model of drying dynamics was set up according to the experiments.     

Probabilistic capacity of a grid connected wind farm based on optimization method

This paper proposes a new method to find the capacity of a future wind farm regarding several limits of the grid system: voltage stability limits, thermal limits, voltage limits, load tap changing limitation and generator power output limitation. The method combines the optimization method and a probabilistic analysis to maximize the number of the wind turbines subject to those limits. Two types of wind farms are modeled in this paper: fixed speed wind farms and variable speed wind farms. It is concluded that the proposed method is a fast and accurate method to deal with the uncertainty of wind energy in the planning of wind farm capacity.     

多效回热降膜蒸发式太阳能液体除湿空调溶液再生器的稳态实验

设计了一种具有多效回热可用于太阳能液体除湿空调系统的溶液再生器,用碘钨灯作为模拟太阳光源对系统进行了稳态实验,得到出口浓度与光辐射强度、溶液流量、强迫对流风速和入口溶液浓度的关系曲线,给出了系统性能系数与太阳光强度的关系,并对装置的传热传质关系作了简化计算,对影响系统性能的其他因素也进行了分析。实验结果表明,由于系统采用了多效回热措施,系统的回热率相对太阳辐射能来说达到32%。由实验结果估计,在晴好天气条件下,该系统每天每平方米集热器可处理LiBr溶液量(47%～52%)约86kg。     

Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone ketone sulfone) membranes for application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

A series of sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone ketone sulfone) (SPAEKKS) copolymers were synthesized by nucleophilic polycondensation. The copolymers exhibit good thermal and oxidative stabilities, all the SPAEKKS copolymers can be cast into tough membranes. Ionic exchange capacities (IEC), water uptake properties, thermal stabilities, methanol diffusion coefficients and proton conductivities were thoroughly studied. Also the microstructures of the membranes were investigated by TEM. The proton conductivity of the SPAEKKS-4 membrane is close to that of Nafion-117 at 80 °C. The methanol diffusion coefficient of the membrane is much lower than that of Nafion-117 under the same testing conditions. The SPAEKKS membranes are promising in proton exchange membranes fuel cell (PEMFC) application.     

油焦浆枪的雾化性能及在电厂中的应用

介绍一种利用炼油厂下脚料油焦与水混合制作的油焦浆混合物及其特性,并简要介绍了将油焦浆替代电厂燃油时油焦浆枪的雾化性能、运行性能及在电厂中的实炉应用效果.结果表明,油焦浆枪雾化及运行性能良好,用油焦浆替代燃油不仅可行,而且效益可观.