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141.
The phospholipids of the spongePolymastia gleneni contain saturated long chain (C22–30)-acetoxy fatty acids. Their structures were assigned based on chromatographic and spectrometric data as well as comparison
with a synthetic sample. The use of capillary gas chromatography combined with chemical ionization and electron impact mass
spectrometry was instrumental in the eludication of structures, since only a very small amount of crude lipids was available.
Part 10 of “Phospholipids in Marine Organisms.” For Part 9 in this series, see reference 12. 相似文献
142.
G.I.N. Rozvany 《International Journal of Mechanical Sciences》1985,27(6):347-360
Existing duality principles in structural optimisation are briefly reviewed and then they are extended to structures with segment-wise constant cross-sections. All theories are discussed in the particular context of optimal plastic beam design with symmetric convex specific cost functions and are confirmed by independent calculations on illustrative examples. It is shown that the optimal solution is always associated with a displacement field in which the mean absolute curvature value for each segment equals the subgradient of the specific cost function, with respect to the maximum absolute moment value for that segment. Moreover, the dual problem consists of the maximisation of the difference of two terms: the first one is the integral of the product of load and deflection (external work), and the second is the sum of products of segment lengths and the mean complementary cost values (taken with respect to the mean absolute curvature for that segment). Finally, some tentative proposals for a class of non-convex optimisation problems are presented. For special cases, the proposed general statements reduce to theorems by Heyman, Foulkes and Hemp. 相似文献
143.
P.J. Campion 《Measurement》1985,3(3):121-124
Two complementary national laboratory accreditation schemes are run by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) to provide official recognition of competent British laboratories and an assurance of quality to their customers. The first of these, the British Calibration Service (BCS), was set up in 1966 to accredit laboratories to calibrate instruments, gauges and reference materials. In 1981 the National Testing Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (NATLAS) was formed to extend the service to all kinds of testing. Both BCS and NATLAS form an integral part of the UK national measurement system and were combined to form the National Measurement Accreditation Service on 1 October 1985. 相似文献
144.
145.
A. N. Gudkov V. M. Zhivun A. V. Zvonarev V. V. Kovalenko A. B. Koldobskii Yu. F. Koleganov S. V. Krivasheev V. B. Pavlovich N. S. Piven' E. V. Semenova 《Atomic Energy》1989,66(2):115-118
Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 100–103, February, 1989. 相似文献
146.
F. J. Gallego J. J. Anza 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》1989,28(6):1249-1264
The static elastic contact problem is approached using Lagrange multipliers, leading to a mixed finite element problem. A non-linear friction law is introduced explicitly and the non-local character of the friction phenomena is implicitly assumed. In order to avoid stress oscillations near singular points, a perturbed Lagrangian functional is considered. The algorithms herein proposed do not impose nodal dependencies over the contact surfaces, allowing for the independent discretization of both bodies. The method is able to model simultaneous contact over different regions of any geometrical shape. Computer code, examples and results presented here are restricted to axisymmetrical and bidimensional cases. 相似文献
147.
J.E. Richards † 《Computer Graphics Forum》1987,6(3):211-218
Aspects of a prototype binding of GKS to the C++ programming language are presented. The binding makes use of classes and derived classes to define GKS concepts such as segments and workstations. Operator overloading is used for some GKS Functions. 相似文献
148.
149.
PCR-based procedures in detection and DNA-fingerprinting of Salmonella from samples of animal origin
A. del Cerro S. M. Soto E. Landeras M. A. Gonzlez-Hevia J. A. Guijarro M. C. Mendoza 《Food microbiology》2002,19(6):567
The usefulness of selected PCR-protocols for the detection of Salmonella in 117 samples of animal origin (17 raw minced meat, 27 raw chicken meat, 8 raw sausages, and 25 egg samples, as well as 18 poultry faecal, and caecal swabs samples) and DNA-fingerprinting typing is shown. To establish an accurate PCR-procedure for Salmonella detection the following parameters were evaluated: two pre-PCR concentration procedures, centrifugation and immunomagnetic separation (IMS) using Dynabeads anti- Salmonella; the specificity and sensitivity of 10 sets of primers; and different conditions of the amplification reaction. In light of the results obtained from the use of PCR-based procedures alone or in combination with conventional methods, the following findings can be underlined: First, IMS is more efficient than centrifugation in the recovery of Salmonella. Second, the selected IMS/PCR-detection protocol is less time-consuming (45 h) than the IMS/culture procedure (90 h), and a good concordance between them was found when the Kappa coefficient was calculated (0·87). Third, PCR-ribotyping technique showed a very low discrimination power, being able to differentiate only three profiles. Fourth, RAPD technique using specific primers supports previous works in which it was proposed as a simple and useful tool for discriminating isolates between and within serotypes. Fifth, The efficiency, rapidity, and flexibility of the PCR-protocols applied were high, and they can be performed using two PCR-programs and the same basic equipment. 相似文献
150.
Action calculi, which generalise process calculi such as Petri nets, π-calculusand ambient calculus, have been presented
in terms of action graphs. We here offer linear action graphs as a primitive basis for action calculi. This paper presents the category of embeddings of undirected linear
action graphs without nesting, using a novel form of graphical reasoning which simplifies some otherwise complex manipulations
in regular algebra. The results are adapted in a few lines to directed graphs. This work is part of a long-term search for
a uniform behavioural theory for process calculi.
Received October 2000 / Accepted in revised form April 2001 相似文献