A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IRON BIOAVAILABILITY IN RATS FROM SOYBEAN AND COTTONSEED PROTEIN ISOLATE DIETS

The purpose of this research was to determine the relative iron bioavailability from soybean and cottonseed protein isolates by using an iron depletion/repletion method. Iron stores of rats were depleted so that any iron introduced in the diet would be utilized at a maximum and linear rate for hemoglobin regeneration. A comparison of iron utilization from cottonseed and soy to the reference standard could then be made. Between 40 and 47% of the iron consumed from the soy diet was converted to hemoglobin iron. The cottonseed diets had a significantly lower (29 to 34%) conversion efficiency (P < 0.05) in comparison to casein but were not significantly different from the soy diets.     

INHIBITION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES BY LIQUID SMOKE AND ISOEUGENOL, A PHENOLIC COMPONENT FOUND IN SMOKE

The behavior of Listeria monocytogenes was monitored in wiener exudate or Tryptose Broth (TB) in the presence of liquid smoke (CharSol Supreme) or smoke ingredients (i.e., phenols and acetic acid). L. monocytogenes grew in untreated exudate held at 25C, but was inactivated in the presence of 0.2 and 0.6% liq'iid smoke (D-values of 36 and 4.5 h, respectively). Of 11 individual phenols tested, only isoeugenol exhibited antilisterial activity in TB at 37C. Growth of the pathogen in the presence of isoeugenol (100 ppm) was inhibited to a greater extent in TB acidified with acetic acid to pH 5.8 compared to pH 7.0. These studies confirm the potent antilisterial activity of liquid smoke and establish the potential of isoeugenol for controlling the growth of L. monocytogenes in certain processed meats .     

Vitamin B12 Activity in Miso and Tempeh

The USP microbiological assay with L. leichmannii, ATCC 7830, was used to determine vitamin B₁₂ activity in light rice miso, dark rice miso, barley miso, tempeh and tempeh burger. Unpasteurized misos were found to have the highest B₁₂ content, averaging 0.21 μg/ 100g. Vitamin B₁₂ activity in miso ranged from a high of 0.25 μg/ 100g in barley miso to a low of 0.15 μg/100g in light rice miso. Pasteurized tempeh contained 0.12 μg vitamin B₁₂ per 100g food. Tempeh burger contained 0.06 to 0.11 μg vitamin B₁₂ per 100g food. The variation in vitamin B₁₂ activity found in these products may be due to different conditions used or produced during fermentation. Collaborative studies are needed and assessment of vitamin B₁₂ pseudoform activity before these foods can be considered a source of vitamin B₁₂.     

THREE MODELS OF CLINICAL JUDGMENT.

3 SIMULATION MODELS WERE APPLIED TO CLINICAL JUDGMENTS OF "PSYCHOTIC" VS. "NEUROTIC" FOR 29 JUDGES ACROSS 7 SAMPLES OF MMPI PROFILES. A CROSS-VALIDATED MULTIPLE CORRELATION WAS USED AS A GOODNESS-OF-FIT MEASURE FOR THE 3 JUDGMENT MODELS. ON THIS BASIS, EACH OF THE 29 CLINICAL JUDGES WAS CHARACTERIZED AS BEING EITHER "LINEAR" OR "CONFIGURAL" IN HIS UTILIZATION OF MMPI TEST DATA, WHERE CONFIGURALITY WAS OPERATIONALLY DEFINED BY THE FIT OF THE DATA TO A MODEL EMPLOYING CONFIGURAL, OR PATTERNED, VARIABLES. IT WAS SHOWN THAT CONFIGURALITY WAS A CONSISTENT JUDGMENTAL CHARACTERISTIC DISTINGUISHING 16 OF THE JUDGES, BUT THIS CHARACTERISTIC WAS UNRELATED TO BOTH ACCURACY AND AMOUNT OF CLINICAL TRAINING. ALSO, JUDGES, AS A GROUP, TENDED TO CHANGE THEIR MANNER OF JUDGMENT WITH CHANGES IN SAMPLES OF MMPI PROFILES. (15 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

DETECTION OF SPECIES ADULTERATION IN PORK PRODUCTS USING AGAR-GEL IMMUNODIFFUSION AND ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY

Mixing undeclared species in meat products is illegal under food labeling regulations. This study compared the conventional agar-gel immunodiffusion (AGID) with the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for detecting species adulteration and assessed the species adulteration problem in raw ground pork products in Alabama retail markets. Forty-two ground pork and 87 fresh pork sausage samples collected throughout Alabama were examined by AGID and ELISA for four species: pork, beef, poultry and sheep. Using ELISA, 91 % of the ground pork samples were found to contain other meats while 71 % were found to be contaminated using AGID. Using ELISA, 54% of the sausage samples were found to contain undeclared species while none were found to be contaminated using AGID. The major adulterating species in the pork products was beef followed by poultry and sheep. Reliable analytical methods, such as ELISA, must be used as a regulatory tool to discourage the meat species adulteration problem in retail markets.